Polyembryony 142, 144
Polyergus321, 322
P. breviceps 321
P. lucidus 321
P. nigerrimus 321
P. rufescens 321
P. samurai 321
Polymorphisms 188, 234
Polymorphus paradoxus251, 253
Polyopisthocotylean 187
Polystomoides malayi 172
Positive reinforcement 43, 44
Precocious
larvae 144–145
mother redia 161
Predation 245, 251–252
Predator–prey 3
Prey mimetism 6
Pricea multae180, 181
Promastigote secretory gel 272
Protandry 22
Protolamellodiscussp. 186–187
Protomognathus 322
Protozoan, vector-borne 207, 245
Proximate causation 337
Proximate cues 68, 75
Proxy 263
Prudent parasite 284
Psammodromus algirus 288
Pseudokuhnia 175
P. minor186–187
Pseudoplusia includens 135Quaternary parasitoids 141R 0 200, 260
Rabies 283
Ranging search 24, 25
Red Queen 200, 234
Rediae 157–163
Releaser responses 227, 228, 229
Renicola buchanani 155
Reproduction
barriers 171
output 247
Resource allocation strategy 202–203,
205, 207, 216
Resources 231
Rhabditis insectivora 16Rheotactism 8
Ribeiroia marini guadeloupensis 157
Rossomyrmex 322
Rotylenchus reniformis91, 94
Rugogaster hydrolagi 173
Rutilus rutilus 187Sandflies 294
Scalionidae 138
Sceloporus
S. jarrovi 304
S. occidentalis294, 299
Schistosoma154, 155, 158–160,
162–163, 178–179, 187, 188
S. bovis 159
S. haematobium 178
S. mansoni3, 159–160, 188, 342
S. mattheei 178
Schistosomiasis 289
Schizocephalus solidis 177
Scomberspp. 185–187
S. australasicus173, 175
Scomberomorus commerson 181
Scutellonema cavenessi 97
Secondary parasitoids 141
Secretory/excretory product (SEP) 159
Seed parasites 65
body size 78
chemicals 66
enemies 79
facultative pollinators 73
interspecific competition 66
intraspecific competition 66
natal 65
seed flies 67
seed moths 68
Selection 42, 44, 52, 118–119, 285,
286
artificial 78
behaviours 24
disruptive 3
natural 3, 7, 8, 10, 52, 59
pressure 30
Self communication 48
Self insemination 175, 176–177, 178
Selfing rate 209
Sense organs 227
ablation 70, 71
Sensory differentiation 48
Sensory receptors 180–184356 Index