38
Gaspard N, Bouschet T, Hourez R et al (2008) An intrinsic mechanism of corticogenesis from
embryonic stem cells. Nature 455:351–357
Hekman KE, Gomez CM (2014) The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias: emerging
mechanistic themes suggest pervasive Purkinje cell vulnerability. J Neurol Neurosurg
Psychiatry 86:554–561
Hemmati-Brivanlou A, Melton D (1997) Vertebrate embryonic cells will become nerve cells unless
told otherwise. Cell 88:13–17
Hick A, Wattenhofer-Donze M, Chintawar S et al (2013) Neurons and cardiomyocytes derived
from induced pluripotent stem cells as a model for mitochondrial defects in Friedreich’s ataxia.
Dis Model Mech 6:608–621
Hoshino M (2006) Molecular machinery governing GABAergic neuron specification in the cere-
bellum. Cerebellum 5:193–198
Hu BY, Zhang SC (2009) Differentiation of spinal motor neurons from pluripotent human stem
cells. Nat Protoc 4:1295–1304
Inoue H, Nagata N, Kurokawa H et al (2014) iPS cells: a game changer for future medicine. EMBO
J 33:409–417
Israel MA, Yuan SH, Bardy C et al (2012) Probing sporadic and familial Alzheimer’s disease using
induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 482:216–220
Jeon I, Lee N, Li JY et al (2012) Neuronal properties, in vivo effects, and pathology of Huntington’s
disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 30:2054–2062
Kamiya D, Banno S, Sasai N et al (2011) Intrinsic transition of embryonic stem-cell differentiation
into neural progenitors. Nature 470:503–509
Kawasaki H, Mizuseki K, Nishikawa S et al (2000) Induction of midbrain dopaminergic neurons
from ES cells by stromal cell-derived inducing activity. Neuron 28:31–40
Kirkeby A, Grealish S, Wolf DA et al (2012) Generation of regionally specified neural progenitors
and functional neurons from human embryonic stem cells under defined conditions. Cell Rep
1:703–714
Kriks S, Shim JW, Piao J et al (2011) Dopamine neurons derived human ES cells efficiently engraft
in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. Nature 480:547–551
Klockgether T (2011) Update on degenerative ataxias. Curr Opin Neurol 24:339–245
Koch P, Breuer P, Peitz M et al (2011) Excitation-induced ataxin-3 aggregation in neurons from
patients with Machado-Joseph disease. Nature 480:543–546
Kondo T, Asai M, Tsukita K et al (2013) Modeling Alzheimer’s disease with iPSC reveals stress
phenotypes associated with intracellular Aß and differential drug responsiveness. Cell Stem
Cell 12:487–496
Kondo T, Funayama M, Tsukita K et al (2014) Focal transplantation of human iPSC-derived glial-
rich neural progenitors improves lifespan of ALS mice. Stem Cell Rep 3:242–249
Ku S, Soragni E, Campau E et al (2010) Friedreich’s ataxia induced pluripotent stem cells model
intergenerational GAA∙TTC triplet repeat instability. Cell Stem Cell 7:631–637
Lee SH, Lumelsky N, Studer L et al (2000) Efficient generation of midbrain and hindbrain neurons
from mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 18:675–679
Li XJ, Du ZW, Zarnowska WD et al (2005) Specification of motoneurons from human embryonic
stem cells. Nat Biotech 23:215–221
Li XJ, Hu BY, Jones SA et al (2008) Directed differentiation of ventral spinal progenitors and
motor neurons from human embryonic stem cells by small molecules. Stem Cells 26:886–893
Lu J, Zhong X, Liu H et al (2016) Generation of serotonin neurons from human pluripotent stem
cells. Nat Biotech 34:89–94
Manto M, Marmolino D (2009) Cerebellar ataxias. Curr Opin Neurol 22:419–429
Martinez S, Andreu A, Mecklenburg N et al (2013) Cellular and molecular basis of cerebellar
development. Front Neuroanat 7:1–12
Millen KJ, Gleeson JG (2008) Cerebellar development and disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol
18:12–19
Mizuhara E, Minaki Y, Nakatani T et al (2010) Purkinje cells originate from cerebellar ventricular
zone progenitors positive for Neph3 and E-cadherin. Dev Biol 338:202–214
K. Muguruma