Hog Meat and Hoecake: Food Supply in the Old South, –(Baton Rouge: Louisi-
ana State University Press, ) andAtlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture(Baton
Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ), pts. –.
. Frederick Law Olmsted,A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States, with Remarks on
their Economy(New York: Dix and Edwards, ). My larger treatment of Olmsted in
Poquosin, esp. , –, , , and –, considers Olmsted’s travel accounts,
his published letters, and Laura Wood Roper’s biography,FLO: A Biography of Frederick
Law Olmsted(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, ). OnBodenlosigkeit, see
Simon Schama, ‘‘The Unloved American: Two Centuries of Alienating Europe,’’New
Yorker, March , – (quotation, ).
. On the rhetoric of eastern ‘‘improvers,’’ see Stoll,Larding the Lean Earth.On
southern migrants (and Lyell), see James David Miller,South by Southwest: Planter
Emigration and Identity in the Slave South(Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia,
). On migration and health, see Conevery Bolton Valencius,TheHealthofthe
Country: How American Settlers Understood Themselves and Their Land(New York: Basic
Books, ), esp. chap. . Quotation from Don H. Doyle,Faulkner’s County: The His-
torical Roots of Yoknapatawpha(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ),
. Rosa Coldfield quoted in William Faulkner,Absalom, Absalom!(; New York:
Vintage, ), .
. Population data from Hilliard,Atlas of Antebellum AgricultureandHistorical Sta-
tistics of the United States, Colonial Times to (Washington, D.C.: GPO, ). Ruffin
genealogy generalized is derived from Allmendinger,Ruffin, chap. . The following dis-
cussion of landscape is indebted to J. B. Jackson,Discovering the Vernacular Landscape
(New Haven: Yale University Press, ), esp. –, and the work of Jackson’s succes-
sor, John R. Stilgoe, e.g.,Common Landscape of America, –(New Haven: Yale
University Press, ).
. On sugar plantations and labor, see J. Carlyle Sitterson,Sugar Country: The Cane
Sugar Industry in the South, –(Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, ).
On Virginia grain planters, see Kirby,Poquosin, –, and Gregg L. Michel, ‘‘From
Slavery to Freedom: Hickory Hill, –,’’ inThe Edge of the South: Life in Nineteenth-
Century Virginia, ed. Edward L. Ayers and John C. Willis (Charlottesville: University
Press of Virginia, ), –.
. Jack Temple Kirby,Rural Worlds Lost: The American South, –(Baton
Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ), esp. –, , –, , which sum-
marizes and extends a large literature; also Thomas D. Clark,Pills, Petticoats, and Plows:
The Southern Country Store(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, ). C. Vann Woodward,Ori-
gins of the New South, –(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ),
–, suggests the bucket line of exploitation ending with soils.
. My information on velvet beans is derived from my maternal grandmother
(–), who cherished them and whose father, a large farmer in Florence County,
S.C., faithfully planted them in his corn, and from e-mail exchanges ( January )
with Dr. Marjatta Eilitta, a Florida-based biologist conducting research to assist small
–