LWBK1006-Index LWW-Govindan-Review December 19, 2011 19:14
Index 611Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), 38, 49
HAART therapy in, 497, 500
HHV8 and, 40, 52
HIV and, 40, 52
pathogenesis of, 38, 49
TIS system in, 501
Kava extracts, 592, 595, 596
Ketoconazole, 522
Kidney cancer and obesity, 62, 68
Killer inhibitory receptors (KIR),
107, 112
Kit, 6
KITgene, 47
Klinefelter syndrome, 221, 229,
297, 301
Knudson’s hypothesis, 34, 44, 48
Kocher–Cushing reflex, 505, 507
KRAS mutation
in colon cancer, 123, 129
colorectal cancer and, 272, 277
in endometrial cancer, 315, 323
KRAS oncogene
in lung cancer, 44
pancreatic cancer and, 243, 248
KS.SeeKaposi’s sarcoma (KS)Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 215
Lambert-Eaton syndrome (LES),
520, 524
Laparoscopy, benefits of, 79, 83
Lapatinib, 331, 341
Large cell carcinoma and cigarette
smoking, 43
Large cell neuroendocrine tumors
(LCNEC), 208, 212
Laryngeal cancer
alcohol consumption and, 61, 67
nicotine and, 33
Latent period, 59, 65
LCIS.SeeLobular carcinoma in situ
(LCIS)
LCNEC.SeeLarge cell
neuroendocrine tumors
(LCNEC)
LDH.SeeLactate dehydrogenase
(LDH)
Lead-time bias, 71, 75, 141, 145
Lenalidomide, 427, 429, 459, 461,
465
Length bias, 141, 145
Length-time bias, 71, 75
LES.SeeLambert-Eaton syndrome
(LES)
LET.SeeLinear energy transfer
(LET)
Leucovorin, role of, 124, 129
Leukemia and benzene, 57, 63
Leukemias
acute myeloid, 437–448alkylator therapy in, 445
AML1-ETO, 437, 443
CEBPA gene and, 443
clofarabine in, 441, 446
cytarabine in, 439
cytogenetic abnormalities in,
438, 444
cytopathology in, 437, 443
diffuse alveolar hemorrhage,
438, 444
DNMT3A mutation, 437, 443
graft-versus-tumor effects and,
441, 447
HIDAC in, 441, 447
induction therapy in, 438, 444
MDS risk, 445
NPM1 mutation in, 442, 448
older patients with, 439,
445–446
prognostic factors for, 438,
444
RUNX1-RUNX1T1, 437,
443
stem cell transplantation for,
442, 448
swollen gums, 438, 444
tipifarnib in, 439
treatment of, 439, 445
Trisomy 21, 445
zinc finger protein, 437
chronic myeloid, 449
allogeneic hematopoietic stem
cell transplantation in,
450, 454
ASCT in, 450, 453–454
BCR-ABL fusion protein in,
452, 457
BCR-ABL kinase, 449, 453
clonal evolution, 449, 453
cytogenetic abnormalities in,
452, 456
dasatinib, 450, 454
hematologic stem cell
transplantation in, 457
imatinib therapy in, 449, 450,
453, 454
Iso-17q, 452, 456
nilotinib, 450, 454
relapse of, 449, 453
Sokal score, 453
tyrosine kinase inhibitors in,
450, 454, 457
FLT3 and retinoic acid receptor
alpha, 438, 443–444
Leukocytosis, 521, 524
Leukostasis, 444
Levofloxacin, for pseudomon as
species, 544, 549
LH.SeeLuteinizing hormone (LH)LHRH.SeeLuteinizing
hormone-releasing hormone
(LHRH)
Licorice, 592, 596
Life table method, 189.See also
Clinical trial
Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 18, 26, 36,
47, 154, 370, 395, 406
and breast cancer, 332, 341
linkage studies and, 388
physical stigmata in, 393, 404
Limb-sparing resection, 365, 368,
370, 372
Linear accelerator (LINAC), 86, 91
Linear energy transfer (LET), 59, 65
Linear-quadratic model, 59, 65
Liposomal amphotericin B, in
persistent neutropenic fever,
540, 546
Liver cancer
aflatoxins exposure and, 57, 63
staging systems
Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer
scoring system, 253, 257
liver Italian Program system,
253, 257
Okuda system, 253, 257
Liver metastases
in patients with colorectal cancer,
509, 513
in recurrent ocular melanom, 380
Liver transplantation, Milan
criteria for, 252, 257
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS),
143, 147
breast cancer risk and, 143, 147
Low-grade squamous intraepithelial
lesion (LSIL), 143, 146
LPHL.See
Lymphocyte-predominant
Hodgkin’s lymphoma (LPHL)
LRCHL.SeeLymphocyte rich
classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma
(LRCHL)
L858R mutation, 205, 210
LSIL.SeeLow-grade squamous
intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)
Lung cancer
asbestos and, 60, 66
CHRNA3 gene and, 72, 76
cigarette smoking and, 33, 43, 70,
74
CT for, 71, 75
in developing countries, 72, 76
EGFR and, 205, 210
environmental factors and, 72, 76
KRAS oncogene in, 44
molecular abnormalities in, 205,
210