DEMogRaPhic DEvEloPMENTS iN ThE MENa REgioN 215
Table 7.4 International migrant stock* in the EU and the MENA countries (’000)
1990 2000 2010
EU -27 26,660 34,857 4 6 , 911
MENa 20,523 23,270 31,435
Egypt 176 169 245
Morocco 58 53 49
Turkey 1,150 1, 263 1, 411Note: *greece, Malta, Belgium, libya, Morocco and Tunisia; Bahrain, oman and Qatar count by
citizenship; hungary, Slovakia, Djibouti, Egypt, iran, israel, lebanon, Turkey and Yemen include
refugees; all other countries count foreign-born residents.
Source: UNPD (2011b)
In the region constituted by the current EU-27 countries, the size of the
stock of international migrants has grown constantly since 1960, whereas
this process began in the MENA region only in the 1970s, following the
oil-price shock. In 2010, some 31.4 million foreign migrants were living in the
MENA states, particularly in Saudi Arabia (7.3 million), in the United Arab
Emirates (3.3 million), and in Israel and Jordan (each 3 million; including
Palestinian refugees).
The three countries chosen for this study – Turkey, Egypt and Morocco –
had a total of only 1.7 million foreign migrants, according to UN estimates
from 2011, 1.4 million of whom lived in Turkey alone. These countries belong
to the group of sending countries of international migration; Turkey, how-
ever, is an immigration country as well.
Table 7.5 EU, MENA, Egyptian, Moroccan and Turkish citizens living abroad, around
the year 2000 (’000)
In the EU In MENA region Rest of the world To t a l
EU -27 11, 4 2 2 2,021 14, 351 2 7, 7 9 4
MENa 7,434 7,121 3,352 17, 9 0 7
Egypt 192 1, 574 407 2 ,174
Morocco 1, 861 392 338 2,591
Turkey 2,384 17 3 4 61 3,018Source: global Migrant-origin Database of the Development Research centre (2007)
Table 7.5 uses information from the Global Migrant-Origin Database of
the Sussex Development Research Centre (DRC) for the EU-27, the MENA