214 Ralf E. UlRich
Council (GCC) and, by 1990, that f igure had climbed to 5.2 million persons.
Some 2 million Egyptians were working in Iraq alone at the beginning of
the 1990s (Roudi-Fahimi & Kent 2007: 12).
Figure 7.2 Net cross-border migration in the EU and the MENA region
(’000)
-1, 000-50005001 , 0001 , 5002 , 0001 1960 1 960 1965 1 965 1970 1 970 1975 1980 1985 975 1 1990 1995 2 990 2000 2005 000EU MENANote: The f igure shows the sum of the national net migration balances.
Source: UNPD (2011a)
In the second half of the 1980s, recruitment from outside the region also in-
creased greatly, particularly from Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and Pakistan.
From the early 1990s to the turn of the century, the MENA region had again
become a net emigration area. In the years 2000-2005, Egypt and Morocco
each lost more than 0.5 million persons. Turkey, on the other hand, had a
nearly balanced migration score due to returning emigrants (re-migration).
Table 7.4 gives an overview of the magnitude of the stock of international
migrants living in the EU-27 and the MENA region according to data from
the UNPD. These numbers include migrants entering from other countries
of the respective region – e.g., Italian immigrants in Germany. Note that
the migration statistics of the MENA countries and of some EU countries
are occasionally incomplete.