The Turing Guide

NOTES TO PAGES 175–185 | 497

CHAPTER 17 UlTRA REVElATIONS (RANDEll)

1. This chapter is an expanded version of the second part of my invited lecture at CONCUR-2012;
   reprinted in B. Randell, ‘A Turing enigma’, Proc. CONCUR-2012, Newcastle upon Tyne, Lecture Notes
   in Computer Science 7454, Springer (2012).


2. F. W. Winterbotham, The Ultra Secret, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (1974).


3. A. Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies: the Vital Role of Deceptive Strategy in World War II, Harper and
   Row (1975).


4. A. Friendly, ‘Secrets of code-breaking’, Washington Post (5 December 1967), A18.


5. K. O. May, Bibliography and Research Manual on the History of Mathematics, University of Toronto
   Press (1973).


6. B. Randell, ‘The Colossus’, Computing Laboratory Technical Report Series 90, University of Newcastle
   (1976) (http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/publications/trs/papers/90.pdf ).


7. R. W. Bemer, ‘Colossus—World War II computer’ (http://www.bobbemer.com/COLOSSUS.htm).


8. In fact, it was one of the Colossus team that found this aperture device, which is now on show with
   some other small Colossus artefacts at Newcastle University.


9. Randell (Note 6).


10. B. Randell, ‘The Colossus’, in Metropolis et al. (1980), 47–92.


11. B. Randell, ‘Colossus: godfather of the computer’, New Scientist, 73(1038) (1977), 346–8; reprinted in
    Randell (1973).


12. This television series is available online on YouTube; the ‘Still Secret’ episode is at https://www.
    youtube.com/watch?v=m04VHVmjfWk.


13. B. Johnson, The Secret War, British Broadcasting Corporation (1978).


14. ‘Computer pioneer: Mr. Thomas Flowers’, The Times (14 May 1977), 16, Gale CS270237870.


15. F. Hinsley, E. Thomas, C. Ransom, and R. Knight, British Intelligence in the Second World War, 5 vols,
    Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (1979 et seq.).


16. Hodges (1983).

CHAPTER 18 DElIlAH—ENCRyPTING SPEECH (COPElAND)

1. This chapter is a modified extract from Turing (Copeland 2012).


2. Alan M. Turing (S. Turing 1959), pp. 71–2.


3. S. W. Roskill, The War at Sea 1939–1945, Vol. 2, HMSO (1956), p. 378.


4. Alan M. Turing (Note 2), p. 71.


5. ‘American research and development of telephonic scrambling device and research of unscrambling
   telephonic devices’, memo from E. G. Hastings to Sir John Dill, 2 December 1942, NA HW14/60.


6. Hastings reported Marshall’s decision in his 1942 memo (Note 5).


7. Letter from Joe Eachus to Copeland (18 November 2001).


8. A. M. Turing, ‘Memorandum to OP-20-G on Naval Enigma’ (Turing (c. 1941)).


9. A. M. Turing, ‘Visit to National Cash Register Corporation of Dayton, Ohio’, c.December 1942,
   National Archives and Records Administration, RG 38, CNSG Library, 5750/441. A digital facsimile
   is in The Turing Archive for the History of Computing (http://www.AlanTuring.net/turing_ncr).


10. I. J. Good, ‘From Hut 8 to the Newmanry’, in Copeland et al. (2006), p. 212.


11. Robert Mumma in an interview with Rik Nebeker in 1995, IEEE History Center, New Brunswick,
    New Jersey, USA; I am grateful to Ralph Erskine for making me aware of this interview.


12. Letter from Acting Chief of Staff Joseph McNarney to Sir John Dill (9 January 1943), NA HW14/60.


13. Alexander Fowler’s diary; letter from Evelyn Loveday to Sara Turing (20 June 1960), King’s College
    Archive, catalogue reference A20.


14. G. Chauncey, Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–
    1940 , Basic Books (1994).


15. There is a reconstruction of a SIGSALY system in the Washington National Cryptologic Museum.