embezzlement, 148
emergency, 25 , 64 , 245 , 257 – 8 , 295 , 298 – 300
economic, 299
presidential emergency decrees, 81 – 2
proclamations/declarations of, 25 , 256 – 8 , 301
rule, 258
states of, 29 , 257 , 299
emergency powers, 20 , 27 , 257 – 8
Philippines, 299 – 301
emerging democracies, 160 – 1 , 166
employees, 307 , 310 , 314 , 363
employers, 120 , 358
employment, 350 , 353 , 357
empowerment, 7 , 160 – 1 , 343 – 4 , 372
enforcement, 99 – 100 , 115 , 123 , 309 , 320 , 407
law, 95 , 97 , 100 , 127 , 328
engagement, 167 , 273 , 397
civic, 166 – 8
judicial, 391 , 398
enlightenment, 5 , 103
environment, 13 , 94 , 117 , 359 , 362 , 365
political, 191 , 199
environmental pollution, 29 , 205 , 344 , 352 , 358 – 61 ,
365 – 6
equal protection, 71 , 83 , 87 , 105 , 292
equality, 7 , 83 , 87 – 8 , 126 , 332 , 346 – 8 , 369 – 72
formal, 372
gender, 88 , 276
see alsodiscrimination.
Estrada, Joseph, 27 , 295 – 7 , 302 , 311 – 15
ethnic minorities, 106 , 221 , 228 , 370
ethnicity, 369 – 70 , 388 , 403 , 412
European Convention on Human Rights
seeECHR.
European Union, 396 , 401
evaluation, 262 , 281
standards of, 354
exclusion, 89 , 184 , 271 , 308 , 312 , 343 , 350
executive branch, 33 , 81 , 84 , 126 – 8 , 201 , 226 – 7 , 302
executive power, 34 – 5 , 43 – 5 , 51 , 77 – 8 , 84 , 254
executive privilege, 295 , 302 – 3
Executive Yuan, 163 – 5
experience, 3 – 4 , 9 , 19 , 113 , 140 , 163 , 166
foreign, 398
expertise, 61 , 186 , 277
professional, 137 , 281
experts, 64 , 130 , 154 , 200 , 211 , 281 , 358
legal, 61 , 206
exploitation, 106 , 372 – 3 , 387
sexual, 159
expressivism, 403 – 4
fac ̧ade constitutionsseefake constitutions.
fair balance, 187 , 281
fair elections, 224 , 231 , 255 , 322 – 4 , 335 , 348 , 394
fair trial, 158 , 286 – 7
fairness, 71 , 270 , 286 , 370 , 389
faiths, 69 , 339 , 346 , 369
fake constitutions, 11 – 13 , 18 , 24 , 310
families, 87 , 130 , 138 , 264 , 277 , 359 , 368
family life, 72 , 92 , 184 – 5 , 187
federal constitutions, 7 , 247 – 9 , 260 , 263
federalism, 24 , 379 , 382 – 3
FLEseeFundamental Law of Education.
flexibility, 114 , 282 , 384
flip-flopping, 318
forced prostitution, 73
foreign-currency deposits, 318 – 19
foreign diplomatic representatives, 119
foreign experience, 398
foreign investment, 18 , 38 , 108 – 9 , 112
foreign observers, 199 , 328
foreign policy, 104 , 109 , 165 , 170 , 176 – 8 , 220 , 227
formal features of constitutions, 41 – 51
formalism, 296 , 312 , 314 , 320
fragmentation, 392 , 395 , 415
France, 2 , 5 – 7 , 15 , 22 , 229 – 30
franchise, 298 , 373
universal, 371 – 2
fraternity, 346 , 370 – 2
free elections, 28 , 192 , 335
free-market economy, 343 , 351 , 359
free speech, 15 , 68 , 89 , 159 , 289 – 94 , 297 – 301
freedom, 67 – 9 , 92 – 4 , 99 , 112 , 133 , 190 – 2 , 331 – 3
of assembly, 89 – 91 , 298 , 301
of contract, 183
of occupation, 92 – 3
political, 5 , 348
religious, 69 , 276 , 332 , 338 , 340 , 371
of speechseefree speech.
FRsseefundamental rights.
full democracy, 190 – 2 , 373
full independence, 23 , 220 , 230
FUNCINPEC, 231 – 2 , 234
function of constitutions, 401 – 4
functional constituencies, 131 – 2 , 190 – 1
functional constituency election, 131 – 2 , 188 – 90
fundamental duties, 215 , 355 , 365
Fundamental Law of Education (FLE), 52 , 73 – 4
fundamental liberties, 244 , 256 , 259 , 286
fundamental rights (FRs), 15 , 67 , 70 , 182 , 191 , 346 ,
364 – 5gag orders, 302 – 3
garantiste constitutions, 11 , 14
Garci Tapes, 297 – 8 , 300 , 302
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade), 155