108 N. KONO ET AL.
It can be concluded that slum residents must travel further than non-
slum residents. In short, slum residents lack mobility and are forced to
travel more.
(4) Water
Table 6.7 identifi es water service conditions; 74 % of non-slum households
and 77.3 % of slum households use tap/bottled water as a major source of
drinking water. Notably, 54 % of slum households do not have access of
drinking water within dwelling units or premises.
Table 6.5 Electricity use in slums and non-slums
Identifi ed
slum (1)Non-identifi ed
slum (2)Squatter (3) All-slum
(4 = 1 + 2 + 3)Non-
slum (5)Households with
electricity (%)
94.19 89.36 87.42 91.49 95.51If yes, dwelling with
conduit wiring (%)
33.30 22.17 16.94 27.19 42.41If yes, dwelling with
wiring fi xed to the wall (%)
41.75 38.46 57.87 41.79 44.87If yes, dwelling with
temporary wiring (%)
24.95 39.37 25.19 31.07 12.77Electricity hours (median) a 18.00 21.00
Electricity payment
(median) (INR/month) a
150 200SEB payment (%) a 84.6 75.84
Sources: NSSO ( 2010a , b )
SEB State Electricity Boards
Note: These fi gures were calculated from Desai and Vanneman ( 2009 )
Table 6.6 Garbage collection in slums and non-slums of India
Identifi ed
slum (1)Non-identifi ed
slum (2)Squatter
(3)All-slum
(4 = 1 + 2 + 3)Non-slum
(5)Garbage collected by:
Local governments (%) 62.84 47.26 42.6 54.28 56.92
Residents or others (%) 15.67 17.62 20.45 16.95 18.70
No arrangement (%) 21.49 35.13 36.96 28.77 24.37
Sources: NSSO ( 2010a , b )
SEB State Electricity Boards
Note: These fi gures were calculated from Desai and Vanneman ( 2009 )