Low Carbon Urban Infrastructure Investment in Asian Cities

SMART CITIES IN JAPAN AND THEIR APPLICATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 109

6.5.3 Slum Conditions in Four Sectors and Three Fields

Table  6.8 describes slum conditions in India and the four sectors and three
fi elds of SC, as previously described for the Yokohama case. Slums present
potential for improvement, as they do not impose formal systems. In other
words, they may employ SC principles if properly guided.

6.6 APPLICATION TO INDIA

This section focuses on ways of applying SC technology principles in poor
Indian neighbourhoods based on energy sector policy measures. Economic
measures for realizing SC principles in the Indian context are presented.

Fig. 6.2 Distances normally travelled to workplaces by any household earner
NSSO ( 2010a , b ). Housing Conditions and Amenities in India, Ministry of
Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India

Table 6.7 Typologies of slums with characteristics, 2009

Identifi ed

slum (1)

Non-identifi ed

slum (2)

Squatter (3) All-slum

(4 = 1 + 2 + 3)

Non-slum (5)

Tap/bottled water as
a major source of
drinking water (dw)

83.04 74.19 77.27 73.93

Distance to the water
source (within
dwelling units or
premises) (%)

49.47 34.64 54.07 43.52 74.74

Sources: NSSO ( 2010a , b )
SEB State Electricity Boards
Note: These fi gures were calculated from Desai and Vanneman ( 2009 )