(7903 Ýèö
)VVR YL]PL^Z
ÊÕÊÖâàìöèúòõçö÷ëä÷úìïïëèïóüòø
åõòäçèñ óøóìïöđ ùòæäåøïäõü
Ìïòöìñê ÷ëè
ßòæäåøïäõü Ðäó
Êïèû Úøìêïèü
Ûòø÷ïèçêè
"!& óäêèö |!&))
Ùäóèõåäæî
ÒÜË× )'(!!#( ( &(#Ñ
V^ JHU ^L WYVTV[L
ZVJPHS TVIPSP[`& (Z
(SL_ 8\PNSL` Z[H[LZ
PU OPZ IVVR [OPZ PZ
H ]LY` IPN WYVISLT
/PZ HUZ^LY PZ [V
[HJRSL ZVTL[OPUN
[OH[ PZ JSVZLS`
YLSH[LK I\[ TVYL
THUHNLHISL! [OL ]VJHI\SHY` NHW
0U T` V^U HUK V[OLYZ× YLZLHYJO 0 ZLL
LUVYTV\Z KPZWHYP[PLZ IL[^LLU JOPSKYLU HUK
HKVSLZJLU[Z PU [OLPY ^VYK RUV^SLKNL HUK
[OLYL PZ PUKLLK H ^PKL NHW IL[^LLU [OL
Ù^VYKWVVYÚ HUK Ù^VYKYPJOÚ >L ZOV\SK IL
JVUJLYULK HIV\[ [OPZ ]VJHI\SHY` NHW ILJH\ZL
P[ PZ HZZVJPH[LK ^P[O H YHUNL VM V\[JVTLZ
PUJS\KPUN LK\JH[PVU HUK LTWSV`TLU[ I\[
HSZV WO`ZPJHS HUK TLU[HS OLHS[O
(Z 8\PNSL` HYN\LZ RUV^SLKNL HIV\[
^VYKZ \UKLYWPUZ HSS LK\JH[PVU HUK SLHYUPUN
;OPZ PZ ILJH\ZL ^VYK RUV^SLKNL \UKLYWPUZ
ZWLHRPUN SPZ[LUPUN YLHKPUN HUK ^YP[PUN ;OL
PTWVY[HUJL MVY Z\IQLJ[Z Z\JO HZ ,UNSPZO HUK
TVKLYU MVYLPNU SHUN\HNLZ PZ VI]PV\Z )\[ OL
HYN\LZ [OH[ P[ TH` IL L]LU TVYL PTWVY[HU[
MVY V[OLY Z\IQLJ[Z Z\JO HZ ZJPLUJL HUK TH[OZ
8\PNSL` LTWOHZPZLZ [OL OPNO ]VJHI\SHY`
KLTHUKZ VM [OL UL^ RL` Z[HNL HUK .*:,
HZZLZZTLU[Z :\JO JVUJLYUZ OH]L ILLU
^PKLZWYLHK PU T` YLJLU[ PU[LYHJ[PVUZ ^P[O
[LHJOLYZ HUK YLZLHYJOLYZ HSPRL
;OPZ IVVR IYPUNZ [VNL[OLY YLZLHYJO L]PKLUJL
HUK [LHJOPUN L_WLYPLUJL [V WYV]PKL WYHJ[PJHS
RUV^SLKNL HUK YLZV\YJLZ MVY WYPTHY` HUK
ZLJVUKHY` [LHJOLYZ 8\PNSL` KYH^Z VU
YLZLHYJO [V KPZ[PUN\PZO HJHKLTPJ MYVT
L]LY`KH` ^VYKZ" HUK JYVZZJ\YYPJ\SHY ^VYKZ
MVY L_HTWSL ÙHUHS`ZLÚ MYVT Z\IQLJ[ZWLJPMPJ
^VYKZ MVY L_HTWSL ÙWOV[VZ`U[OLZPZÚ
=VJHI\SHY` RUV^SLKNL PU]VS]LZ PUMVYTH[PVU
HIV\[ ZWVRLU ^VYKZ HUK [OLPY TLHUPUNZ0TWVY[HU[S` VUJL JOPSKYLU JHU YLHK P[ HSZV
PU]VS]LZ ^YP[[LU ^VYKZ =VJHI\SHY` IYLHK[O
Ô [OL U\TILY VM ^VYKZ [OH[ `V\ RUV^ Ô PZ
PTWVY[HU[ )\[ HZ 8\PNSL` LTWOHZPZLZ ZV [VV
PZ ]VJHI\SHY` KLW[O! ^OH[ `V\ RUV^ HIV\[
^VYKZ HUK OV^ [OL` JVUULJ[ [V V[OLY ^VYKZ
*VUULJ[PVUZ IL[^LLU ^VYKZ HYL H[ [OL
OLHY[ VM [OPZ IVVR 0U ,UNSPZO KLZWP[L THU`
L_JLW[PVUZ [OLYL PZ H Z`Z[LTH[PJ YLSH[PVUZOPW
IL[^LLU SL[[LYZ HUK ZV\UKZ HUK [OLYLMVYL
IL[^LLU ZWVRLU HUK ^YP[[LU ^VYKZ 0U
JVU[YHZ[ YLSH[PVUZ IL[^LLU ^VYK MVYTZ HUK
[OLPY TLHUPUNZ HWWLHY HYIP[YHY` /V^L]LY
^P[O TVYL RUV^SLKNL HIV\[ ^VYKZ
TVYWOVSVN` HUK L[`TVSVN` P[ PZ JSLHY [OH[
[OLYL HYL PU MHJ[ YLN\SHYP[PLZ OLYL [VV
;OPZ PZ PTWVY[HU[ MVY [LHJOPUN ILJH\ZL
^L JHU×[ [LHJO JOPSKYLU L]LY` ^VYK [OH[ ^L
[OPUR [OL` TPNO[ ULLK [V RUV^ 0[ PZ TVYL
MLHZPISL [V [LHJO JY\JPHS ]VJHI\SHY` HSVUNZPKL
[OLZL YLN\SHYP[PLZ HUK WH[[LYUZ
;OLYL HYL WHYHSSLSZ ^P[O WOVUPJZ [LHJOPUN
OLYL 0U LHYS` YLHKPUN [OLYL PZ H JVKL [OH[
JOPSKYLU ULLK [V JYHJR HUK WOVUPJZ
PUZ[Y\J[PVU PZ HSS HIV\[ L_WSPJP[S` [LHJOPUN [OH[
JVKL YH[OLY [OHU OVWPUN [OH[ HSS JOPSKYLU JHU
^VYR P[ V\[ MVY [OLTZLS]LZ 0[ PZ PTWVY[HU[ [V
L_WSPJP[S` [LHJO ^VYKZ HUK [OLPY TLHUPUNZ
HSVUNZPKL [OL YLN\SHYP[PLZ [OH[ ^PSS HSSV^JOPSKYLU [V NLULYHSPZL [OPZ RUV^SLKNL [V UL^
^VYKZ ;OPZ PZ WHY[PJ\SHYS` PTWVY[HU[ MVY
JSVZPUN [OL ]VJHI\SHY` NHW ILJH\ZL JOPSKYLU
^P[O OPNO SL]LSZ VM RUV^SLKNL HUK YLZV\YJLZ
TH` ^LSS ^VYR V\[ [OLZL JVKLZ MVY [OLTZLS]LZ
I\[ P[ PZ [OL ^VYKWVVY ^OV HYL SPRLS` [V
ILULMP[ TVZ[ MYVT L_WSPJP[ [LHJOPUN
2UV^SLKNL VM ZWVRLU ^VYKZ HUK [OLPY
TLHUPUNZ PZ JLU[YHS [V YLHKPUN )\[ HZ
8\PNSL` UV[LZ YLHKPUN HSZV WYV]PKLZ
PTWVY[HU[ VWWVY[\UP[PLZ MVY UL^ ^VYKZ [V
IL SLHYULK 9LJPWYVJP[` PU [OL YLSH[PVUZOPW
IL[^LLU ]VJHI\SHY` RUV^SLKNL HUK YLHKPUN
OHZ H U\TILY VM PTWVY[HU[ TLZZHNLZ MVY
[LHJOPUN WYHJ[PJL 8\PNSL` KYH^Z V\[ OV^
^L ULLK [V I\PSK ]VJHI\SHY` RUV^SLKNL [V
WYVTV[L HJHKLTPJ WYVNYLZZ KPYLJ[S` I\[
HSZV ZV [OH[ ^L JHU Z\WWVY[ YLHKPUN ^P[O
RUVJRVU LMMLJ[Z MVY WYVNYLZZ >L HSZV ULLK
[V Z\WWVY[ YLHKPUN HIPSP[PLZ ZV [OH[ ^L JHU
MHJPSP[H[L PUKLWLUKLU[ SLHYUPUN VM ]VJHI\SHY`
( RL` Z[YLUN[O VM [OPZ IVVR PZ [OH[ P[
Z\TTHYPZLZ YLZLHYJO L]PKLUJL MVY [LHJOLYZ
WYV]PKPUN H WYPTLY VU ]VJHI\SHY`
TVYWOVSVN` L[`TVSVN` WOVUPJZ YLHKPUN
JVTWYLOLUZPVU Z[YH[LNPLZ HUK T\JO TVYL
0U HKKP[PVU [V ILPUN PUZ[Y\J[P]L P[ WYV]PKLZ
MSL_PISL MYHTL^VYRZ ZV [LHJOLYZ JHU KL]LSVW
TH[LYPHSZ HJ[P]P[PLZ HUK HZZLZZTLU[Z [OH[ ^PSS
TLL[ [OLPY ULLKZ HUK [OVZL VM [OLPY Z[\KLU[Z
;OL IVVR PZ LZZLU[PHS YLHKPUN MVY HU`
[LHJOLY OVWPUN [V YHPZL SL]LSZ VM ]VJHI\SHY`
YLHKPUN HUK ^YP[PUN /V^L]LY P[ ^PSS
WHY[PJ\SHYS` ILULMP[ [LHJOLYZ PU RL` Z[HNL
HUK IL`VUK ^OV [LSS TL [OH[ [OL` SHJR [OL
RUV^SLKNL HUK YLZV\YJLZ [OL` ULLK [V
Z\WWVY[ ]VJHI\SHY` YLHKPUN HUK ^YP[PUN PU
[OLPY W\WPSZ >OH[ WHY[PJ\SHYS` Z[Y\JR TL
[OV\NO PZ OV^ \ZLM\S [OPZ IVVR PZ MVY
YLZLHYJOLYZ SPRL T`ZLSM ^OV HYL JVTTP[[LK
[V YHPZPUN SHUN\HNL HUK SP[LYHJ` Z[HUKHYKZ PU
ZJOVVS *YVZZPUN [OL IV\UKHYPLZ IL[^LLU
LK\JH[PVUHS YLZLHYJO HUK [LHJOPUN WYHJ[PJL
JHU IL JOHSSLUNPUN I\[ PZ LZZLU[PHS PM ^L HYL
[V ^VYR [VNL[OLY [V MPUK VW[PTHS ^H`Z [V
Z\WWVY[ W\WPSZ+Y1LZZPL 9PJRL[[Z PZ H ZLUPVYSLJ[\YLYZWLJPHSPZPUN
PU SHUN\HNL HUK YLHKPUN HJX\PZP[PVU H[ 9V`HS
/VSSV^H` <UP]LYZP[` VM 3VUKVUúúú÷èöæòð