Times Educational Supplement - April 06, 2018

(Nancy Kaufman) #1

 Ýèö (7903


7LKHNVN`


;VW \UP]LYZP[PLZ HYL VM[LU H[[HJRLK MVY ILPUN LSP[PZ[


HUK V[ VM [V\JO )[ HZRZ 6_MVYK NYHK\H[L HUK


[LHJOLYÜäððü àõìêë÷ JV\SK ZJOVVSZ IL KVPUN


TVYL [V OLSW Z[\KLU[Z YLHJO [OLZL H\N\Z[ PUZ[P[[PVUZ&


Õè÷đö ðäîè äïï


ö÷øçèñ÷ö äúäõè


òé ÷ëèìõ óò÷èñ÷ìäï


÷ò öëìñè åõìêë÷


Ý


OLYL ^LYL TVYL
WLVWSL [V NV [V
6_MVYK MYVT :LYIPH
SHZ[ `LHY [OHU
MYVT :\UKLYSHUKÚ
>L ^LYL TLL[PUN
^P[O YLWYLZLU[H[P]LZ
MYVT 6_MVYK×Z
V\[YLHJO WYVNYHTTL
6_5L[ 0[ ^HZ [OL [OPYK `LHY VM T` [PTL
HZ KPYLJ[VY VM ZP_[O MVYT H[ :V\[OTVVY
(JHKLT` PU :\UKLYSHUK Ô HUK P[ ^HZ [OPZ
JVTTLU[ [OH[ IYV\NO[ OVTL [OL ZJHSL
VM [OL WYVISLT
0[ ^HZU×[ UL^Z [V TL [OH[ [OLYL ^HZ H
JVU[YHZ[ IL[^LLU ;`UL HUK >LHY HUK [OL
;OHTLZ =HSSL` 0×K MV\UK [OH[ V\[ MVY T`ZLSM
:L]LU[LLU `LHYZ HNV HM[LY NYHK\H[PUN MYVT
6_MVYK ^P[O H KLNYLL PU ,UNSPZO 3P[LYH[\YL
0×K WS\UNLK PU[V [LHJOPUN MPYZ[ PU 6_MVYKZOPYL
HUK [OLU PU 3VUKVU )\[ HM[LY  `LHYZ Ô HUK
^P[O H `V\UN MHTPS` Ô 0 [VVR H SLHW VM MHP[O
0 Z^HWWLK H OPNOWLYMVYTPUN JVTWYLOLUZP]L
PU 4\Z^LSS /PSS MVY [OL JOHSSLUNL VM Z[HY[PUN \W
H UL^ ZP_[OMVYT JVSSLNL PU :\UKLYSHUK Ô H
JP[` 0×K ]PZP[LK WYLJPZLS` VUJL 6U PU[LY]PL^
Ù0[ SVVRZ MPULÚ 0 ZHPK [V T` ^PML Ù5PJLY
[OHU 0 [OV\NO[Ú ;OPZ ^HZ [Y\L Ô HS[OV\NO P[
JHYYPLZ KLLW ZJHYZ MYVT [OL WVZ[PUK\Z[YPHS
KLJSPUL VM [OL SHZ[  `LHYZ :\UKLYSHUK OHZ
NYV^U VU TL )\[ [OH[ KVLZU×[ TLHU P[ OHZU×[
NP]LU TL H OLHS[O` YLZWLJ[ MVY [OL KPMMLYLUJL
IL[^LLU 5VY[O 3VUKVU HUK [OL 5VY[O ,HZ[
([ H [PTL ^OLYL :PY 4PJOHLS >PSZOH^ JHU
SPUR [OL )YL_P[ ]V[L ^P[O H ÙKP]PKLK UH[PVUÚ

YP]LU I` NLVNYHWOPJHS LK\JH[PVUHS PULX\HSP[PLZ
P[ ZLLTZ UV[ H IHK PKLH [V WPJR HWHY[ ^OH[
[OH[ KP]PKL SVVRZ SPRL VU [OL NYV\UK Ô HUK
^OH[ PTWHJ[ [OH[ TPNO[ OH]L VU OV^ JOPSKYLU
HYL [H\NO[ ^OH[ [OL` ZLL HUK ^OH[ TPNO[ IL
ILOPUK [OH[ 6_MVYK Z[H[PZ[PJ
-PYZ[ H KPZJSHPTLY 0 ^VYRLK PU [^V 3VUKVU
ZJOVVSZ PU *HTKLU HUK /HYPUNL` ZV 0 JHU×[
JSHPT [V ZWLHR MVY [OLT HSS 5VY KV 0 RUV^
HSS [OLYL PZ [V RUV^ HIV\[ :\UKLYSHUK )\[
0 KV MPUK T`ZLSM [OPURPUN Ô OLYL[PJHSS` Ô [OH[
TH`IL PU ZVTL ^H`Z 0 TPNO[ RUV^ TVYL
[OHU :PY 4PJOHLSß

Ðõìð èûóèæ÷ä÷ìòñö
>OLU 0 [\YULK \W VU T` MPYZ[ [LHJOPUN
KH` 0 OHK JLY[HPU L_WLJ[H[PVUZ VM [OL 5VY[O
0 L_WLJ[LK NYPTULZZ 0 L_WLJ[LK H SL]LS VM
ILOH]PV\YHS JOHSSLUNL 0 OHKU×[ L_WLYPLUJLK
PU H ^OPSL 0 L_WLJ[LK RLZ[YLSZ
>OH[ 0 HJ[\HSS` NV[ ^HZ HU LU]PYVUTLU[
[OH[ MLS[ MHY JHSTLY HUK TVYL VYKLYLK [OHU
[OL VUL 0×K SLM[
0U 4\Z^LSS /PSS T` ZJOVVS OHK ILLU
UVU\UPMVYT 0[ OHK ZLY]LK MVJHJJPH 7\WPSZ
OHK H OHIP[ VM ZSV\JOPUN [V^HYKZ SLZZVUZ
^P[O HU HT\ZLK UVUJOHSHUJL Ô HUK PU ZVTL
JHZLZ H ZULLY VM JVSK JVTTHUK :V\[OTVVY
^HZ T\JO TVYL VM H YL[\YU [V [OL
Z[LYLV[`WPJHS ÙZJOVVSÚ VM ISHaLYZ ILSSZ HUK
KLMLYLUJL 0 Z[LWWLK PU[V [OL WSHJL PU T` ILZ[
TL[YVWVSP[HU PU[LY]PL^ NLHY Ô H UPJL 7H\S
:TP[O SPULU U\TILY Ô VUS` [V IL [VSK MPYZ[ [V
IVYYV^ H [PL HUK [OLU [V ÙNV [V 4HYRZ HUK
:WLUJLY HUK NL[ `V\YZLSM H WYVWLY Z\P[Ú

)\[ [OH[ KPKU×[ TLHU H ^VYSK VM OHYZO
KPZJPWSPUL HUK YPNPK Y\SLZ 0[ ^HZ TVYL SPRL HU
VSKMHZOPVULK MHTPS` ^OLYL [LHJOLYZ ^LYL H
WHYLU[ MPN\YL YH[OLY [OHU H ZPISPUN VY H MYPLUK
,]LU UV^ PM 0 ^HU[ [V KLZJYPIL [OL RL`
X\HSP[` VM V\Y ZP_[O MVYT 0 JP[L [OL MHJ[ [OH[
 WLY JLU[ VM Z[\KLU[Z ]VS\U[HYPS` WH` [V
JVTL [V H *OYPZ[THZ WHY[` ^P[O [OLPY [LHJOLYZ
;Y` THRPUN `LHYVSKZ PU 3VUKVU ZOHYL
H ZVJPHS L]LU[ SL[ HSVUL KV [OL 4HJHYLUH PU
\UPZVU H[ [OL LUK VM [OL UPNO[
(UK HZ MVY SPMLHMMPYTPUN IPYKZ P[ KPK OH]L
ZVTL [LYYPM`PUN ZLHN\SSZ [OH[ SPUNLYLK V]LY
[OL `HYK L]LY YLHK` [V Z^VVW VU H SLM[V]LY
ZHUK^PJO I\[ HU` WS\JR` 5VY[OLYU RPK
[Y`PUN [V ILMYPLUK VUL VM [OLT ^HZ HZRPUN
MVY H [L[HU\Z QHI
0U[LYLZ[PUNS` HZ 0 NV[ [V RUV^ [OL ZJOVVS
VUL VM [OL RL` KPMMLYLUJLZ PU [OL MLLS VM [OL
WSHJL ^HZ X\P[L ZPTWS` ZWHJL 0 OHK UL]LY

Ù

Free download pdf