Hunting Down Social Darwinism Will This Canard Go Extinct

Socialismand Fascism 173

14. “LaissezFaire,”RandomHouseUnabridgedDictionary2014,qtd.by “LaissezFaire,”Dictionary.Com,
    http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/laissez%20faire,accessedWednesday,October1, 2014.


15. “Fascism,”AmericanHeritageDictionary4th ed. 2006,qtd.by “Fascism,”Dictionary.Com, https://
    web.archive.org/web/20060826225024/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/fascism,accessedWednes-
    day,October1, 2014.


16. “Nazi,”RandomHouseUnabridgedDictionary2014,qtd.by “Nazi,”Dictionary.Com, http://diction-
    ary.reference.com/search?q=nazi,accessedWednesday,October1, 2014.


17. “Nazism,”AmericanHeritageDictionary4th ed. 2006,qtd.by “Naziism,”Dictionary.Com, https://
    web.archive.org/web/20070715010152/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/naziism,accessedWednes-
    day,October1, 2014.


18. “Naziism,”WordNet3.02006,qtd.by “Naziism,”Dictionary.Com, https://web.archive.org/web/
    20070715010152/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/naziism,accessedWednesday,October1, 2014.


19. J. Goldberg2007,26, 54–55.


20. A. J. Gregor1979,175–77, 209–210.


21. J. P. Diggins1972,213.


22. R. F. Kennedy2005,paperback,194.


23. T. Rall 2004,138.


24. E. Jareski2010,59. J. Gray2013,7, http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article1186584.ece,accessed
    Wednesday,January23, 2013,alsoacknowledgesGiovanniGentile’s influenceoverMussoliniandthe
    fascistideology.


25. The letteris ThomasJefferson,letterto WilliamB. Giles,December26, 1825,in T. Jefferson1829a,


26. For NoamChomskyand MichaelParenticitingit, respectively,see N. Chomsky1994,243–47; and M.
    Parenti 1995 6th ed., 63. Incidentally,M. Parenti 1995 6th ed., 63, quotesJeffersoninaccurately,quoting
    himspeakingof an “aristocracyof our moniedcorporations,which... [ellipseis Parenti’s –S.H.]bid
    defianceto the lawsof our country.” For the contrastbetweenthe fakequotationthat Parentiuses,versus
    the real quotation,see Monticello,“The Endof Democracy... (Quotation),”ThomasJeffersonEncyclopedia,
    http://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/end-democracyquotation,accessedFriday,No-
    vember8, 2013.


27. Mussolini,Hierarchy:Monthlyreviewof the FascistRevolution[Gerarchia:RassegnaMensiledellaRivolu-
    zioneFascista] vol. 17, year 1937 page131. See Mussolini1937,131. The originalstatementis, “Il Fascismoè
    democraziatotalitarian.. .” On January30, 2014,I usedGoogleTranslateto translateMussolini’s words
    into English.


28. Acemogluand J. A. Robinson2012,187–88; J. Goldberg2007,296-97;and C. Webberand A. Wildav-
    sky 1986,243.


29. W. J. Bernstein2008,294.


30. ThomasJefferson,letter,to WilliamB. Giles,December26, 1825,in T. Jefferson1829a,421.


31. Schivelbusch2006,24, broughtthis statementto my attention.


32. Acemogluand J. A. Robinson2012,125.


33. Qtd.by Cannadine2006,112.
    33.The Autobiographyof LincolnSteffens, qtd. by J. P. Diggins1972,28.


34. Qtd.by Acemogluand J. A. Robinson2012,125; and P. Hollander1981,xlv-xlvi.


35. J. P. Diggins1972,28, citingI. M. Tarbell1939,380-84.


36. I. M. Tarbell1939,378, 380-84.


37. K. Brady1989,205–07.


38. Qtd.by J. P. Diggins1972,28.


39. Qtd.by P. Hartshorn2011,139.


40. Qtd.by J. P. Diggins1972,204.


41. Qtd.by J. P. Diggins1972,204.


42. HerbertCroly,“RealisticLiberalism,”NewRepublic, volumeLIII,November23, 1927,pp. 5–7, qtd.
    by J. P. Diggins1972,231.


43. CharlesBeard,“Makingthe FascistState,” review,NewRepublic, volumeLVII,January23, 1929,pp.
    277–78, qtd. by J. P. Diggins1972,226.


44. “LiberalismVs. Fascism,”NewRepublic, volumeL, March2, 1927,p. 35, qtd.by J. P. Diggins1972,


45. 
    


46. J. P. Diggins1972,228–29.


47. HoraceKallen,“Fascism:For the Italians,”The NewRepublic, pp. 212-13,qtd.by J. P. Diggins1972,


48. 
    


49. J. P. Diggins1972,228,citingHoraceKallen,“An Apologyfor Fascism,”NewRepublic, volume
    XLIX,January12, 1927,pp. 207–09. Amongthe Progressivesto opposeMussolinifromthe startwereJohn
    Dewey,OliverWendellHolmes,Jr., andThorsteinVeblen.Thatis accordingto J. P. Diggins1972,235.
    MussolinialsoreceivedoppositionfromOswaldGarrisonVillardin the pagesofThe Nation, accordingto
    J. P. Diggins1972,68, 233.


50. J. P. Diggins1972,58.