Gerontological Nursing Interventions Research
Center, 318
globalization, and nursing research, 29, 30
Goldmark Report, 24–25
Google Scholar, 117t
GRADE. See Grades of Recommendations,Assessment,
Development, and Evaluation
Grades of Recommendations, Assessment,
Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), 412
grand theories, 72
graphics for posters, 498, 499
grey literature, defined, 108
grounded theory
data collection and management, 234–235
defined, 231t, 232, 233
method, 234
nursing research examples, 235–236
philosophical underpinnings, 237
reports, formats for, 390
grouped data frequencies, using to described samples,
333–335, 335t–336t
H
harm in qualitative research, ethics of, 397t
Harvard College Library Health Data Resources, 475t
Hawthorne effect, 159, 212
Health Information Literacy Project, 104
health outcome information websites, 475t
health outcomes and services, evaluation of,
215–216
health services research, quantitative designs
for, 187
Health-STAR, 315
heterogeneous
elements, defined, 345
sample size, determining, 299, 299f
HGP. See Human Genome Project
historical research
data collection and management, 242–243
defined, 241–242
method, 242
nursing research examples, 243
philosophical underpinnings, 242
reports, formats for, 391
history, and internal validity, 156
homogeneity, and sample size, 344, 345
honesty in qualitative research, ethics of, 397t
housecalls program, 50
Human Genome Project (HGP), 30
human rights, defined, 55
human subjects, protection of
during data collection, 277–278
in research projects, 27, 34–35
hypotheses
associative vs. causal, 79, 79f
defined, 78
evaluation criteria, 78t
nondirectional vs. directional, 78, 80, 81t
null vs. research, 80–81, 81t
principles for making decisions about, 355–361
research, special language of, 136
simple vs. complex, 79, 79f, 81 t
types of, 78–81, 79f, 81 t
hypothesis testing
construct validity, testing for, 266–268
defined, 80, 81I
immersion, 226
impressionist tales, 388
improvements, consolidation of, in change phases
model, 439t, 441
incentives for participation, 60t
incidence, 198–199
inclusion criteria, 287, 296t
independent t test, 366
independent variables, defined, 82
indexes, defined, 95
indicators, and choosing outcomes, 474, 474t
individual nurse level of collaboration,
43–44, 44f
inductive reasoning, defined, 19, 20f
inductive research, 137
infectious diseases, 195–196, 195f, 196b
inferential statistics
chance, 353–354
defined, 332
differences among groups, testing for
analysis of variance, 362t, 364t, 366–367
Chi square statistic, 362t, 364t, 365–366
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 364t, 367
Mann-Whitney U test, 364t, 367
median test, 364t, 367
sign test, 364t, 367
t statistic, 363, 366
Wilcoxin matched pairs test, 367INDEX 539