0851996884.pdf

Genetics and mass production continued
fitness recovery by natural selection 91
fitness reduction in small populations 89
fitness reduction as side effect of selection 90
genes affecting several functions 90
genetic changes in laboratory population 8,
75–79, 125–126
changes due to artificial rearing 125–126
genetic diversity of laboratory population,
screening of 52
genetic parameters of artificially reared
natural enemies 125–126
genetic quality of laboratory population 51
genetic quality of laboratory population,
screening of 51
genetic variability in host-selection behaviour
26
genetic variation 9
inbreeding 10, 76, 80, 83, 126
accumulated effects 76
inbreeding and artificial rearing 126
inbreeding and classical biological
control 83
inbreeding depression and extinction 83
rapid inbreeding in laboratory
populations 80
interbreeding and reduction of effectiveness
of natural enemy 236
laboratory population, size of 10
management of laboratory population,
genetics 73–84
maximizing quality and quantity in mass
rearing 75–76, 79–83
optimizing mass rearing, genetics 74
outbreeding (heterosis) 126
paradox of captive breeding 74, 84
pleiotropy, definition of 90
prevention of inbreeding 10
quality of laboratory population, genetics 73
rejuvenation with wild individuals 9, 81
simultaneous adaptation to two
environments 74
sterile insect technique and mass rearing 74,
76, 77, 78, 80, 82
trade-off laboratory rearing and field
performance, genetics 73
trade-off between quantity and quality of
natural enemies 74–75, 78, 84
measurement of trade-off 74–76
Geocoris punctipes 119, 121, 124
Granuloviruses 252–259
Grapholita lineatum 184
Gregarina spp. 145, 148
G. coccinellae145, 148
G. dasguptai 145
G. hyashii 145
G. ruszkowski 145

Habrolepis rouxi97, 103

Harmoniaspp. 4, 144, 145, 146–147, 169, 171, 174,

183, 186

H. axyridis 4, 144, 146–147, 169, 171, 174, 183,

186

H. quadripunctata 145, 146, 147

Helicoverpa zea237, 243

Heliothisspp. 53, 54, 149, 255

H. armigera 255

H. zea53, 54, 149

Herpestessp. 192

Hesperomyces virescens 145

Heterorhabditis megides 4, 139, 169, 171, 176

Hexacolasp. 99, 104

Hippodamia spp. 4, 136, 137, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148,

169, 171, 174

H. convergens4, 136, 137, 144, 146, 148, 169,

171, 174

H. quinquesignata 147

H. tredecimpunctata145, 148

Hirsutella spp.139, 156

H. rhossiliensis 139

Host searching behaviour seenatural enemies,

foraging behaviour

Hyperica punctata 104

Hypoaspisspp. 4, 175, 169, 171, 178, 214, 268,

289–290

H. aculeifer4, 169, 171, 175, 178, 268, 289–290

H. miles4, 169, 171, 175, 178

IBMA (International Biocontrol Manufacturers

Organization) 6, 216, 217, 221, 223, 267

IOBC (International Organization for Biological

and Integrated Control of Noxious

Animals and Plants) 5–6, 208, 216, 217,

218, 226,

working group Arthropod Mass-rearing and

Quality Control 216, 217, 218, 226

Itoplectus conquisitor 118

Kairomones 53

Laboulbeniasp. 145

Learning see natural enemies, foraging behaviour

Leptinotarsa decemliniata 119

Leptomastixspp. 4, 169, 171, 173, 186, 268, 290

L. abnormis4, 169, 171, 173

L. dactylopii 4, 169, 171, 173, 186, 268, 290

L. epona4, 169, 171, 173

Leptomonassp. 156

Leptopilina spp. 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 99, 151

L. australis 151

L. claviceps 33

L. heterotoma28, 29, 32

318 Index