Species

Index 387

Göte Turesson on ecospecies and

agamospecies, 202–204

individual modification, 195

Lotsy, Johannes Paulus, 200–202

mechanical incompatibility, 195

Mendelians (Morgan and Sturtevant), 205

non-Darwinian ideas after Darwin, 197–200

“race circles,” 204

somatogenetic species, 194

syngamy, 194

Species realism, 341–364

agamospecies, 349

biological species concept, 348

debate over species definition, 347

domain under investigation, 353

Ecological Species Conception, 348

E-species, 359

evolutionary epistemology, 352

evolutionary history, 349

forms of life, species as, 355–358

Inference to the Best Explanation, 351, 353

Linnaean Conception, 349

neural network systems, 351

pattern recognition and abduction, 351–354

phenomena, 354 –355

phenomenal objects, 343–344

physiological species, 348

prototypical conceptions of species, 347

reproductive isolation, 348

species conventionalism, 349

species modality, 345

theoretical conceptions of species, 347

theory-dependence and derivation, 344–347

T-sp e cies, 359

Umwelten, 352

Specific-Mate Recognition System (SMRS), 231

Strickland Code, 101

Strong Realists, 34

St. Thomas Aquinas, 43–44

Sturtevant, Alfred H., 205

Successional species, 264, 376

Synapomorphic concept, 243

Synapomorphic species, 376

Syngamy, 194

Synthesis and species, 209–226

after Dobzhansky, the beginnings of the

modern debate, 214–216

Ernst Mayr and the biospecies concept,

216 –224

essentialism, 221

interbreeding, 223

methodological essentialists, 221

methodological nominalists, 221

nominalism, 221

non-dimensional system, 219

rank of species, 212

Ronald Fisher and wild-type species,

20 9 –211

sexual species, 209

Theodosius Dobzhansky’s definition, 211–213

typological thinking, 213, 217

T

Taxon, 290, 313

Taxonomic essentialism, 101

Taxonomic species, 305, 376

Taxonomic species concept, 261–262

Theophrastus, natural kinds and, 16–19

Theoretical conceptions of species, 347

Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de, 79

“Transmutation notebooks,” 154

Tree of Ramus, 54, 55

Trémaux, Pierre, 182–183

T-sp e cies, 359

Turesson, Göte, 202–204

U

Umwelten, 352

Universal categories, 3

Universal Concept, 236

Universal language project, 66–70

Universals, nominalism versus, 34–36

Unreal species change, 123–126

W

Wagner, Mor itz, 182 –183

Wallace, Alfred Russel, 183–186

Weismann, August, 183–186

Wilkins, John, Bishop of Chester, 73–77

Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 312–314

Wollaston, Thomas, 145–146

Z

Zoological hegemony, 280