Diapause in Pentatomoidea 561
system (gut), migrate and/or simply look for protective microhabitats (i.e., hibernaculum),
sometimes change body color and so on
Pyrrhocoris-like response: insensitivity to day length when, in response to prolonged exposure to cold,
some insects lose the ability to measure or respond to day length and, thus, develop without
entering diapause under any day-length conditions
Qualitative photoperiodic response: photoperiodic response in which each individual responds in an
“All or None” (i.e., “Yes or No”) manner by choosing one of two alternative pathways (e.g., in
the case of adult diapause – diapause or direct development [i.e., reproduction]). Antonym:
Quantitative photoperiodic response
Qualitative PhPR: see Qualitative photoperiodic response
Quantitative photoperiodic response: photoperiodic response that controls quantitative param-
eters such as size, duration of a particular stage, or degree of pigmentation, etc. Antonym:
Qualitative photoperiodic response
Quantitative PhPR: see Quantitative photoperiodic response
Quasi-natural experimental conditions: experimental set up in which insects are reared/maintained
outdoors under conditions as much as possible mimicking the wild environmental conditions;
for example, insect are reared in captivity in containers (e.g., Petri dishes, cages), but the con-
tainers are placed outdoors in such a way that insects can experience natural day length, tem-
perature, and humidity, usually being only protected from direct sun light, rain, large predators,
and parasitoids
Quiescence: an immediate response (without complex preceeding central neuroendocrine regulation)
to a decline of any limiting environmental factor(s) below the physiological thresholds with
immediate resumption of the processes if the factor(s) rise above them (Koštál 2006)
Recurrent response: see Aelia-like response
Reproductive diapause: see Adult diapause
Required day number: see Packet of photoperiodic information
Scotophase: night (i.e., dark) part of daily cycle. Antonym: Photophase
SCP: see Supercooling point
Seasonal adaptations: ability of organisms (in the form of physiological, biochemical or behavioral
responses) to survive, take advantage in utilization of resources and form a specific and stable
pattern of seasonal development (i.e., seasonal cycle) under seasonally changing local envi-
ronmental conditions
Seasonal body color change: see Seasonal body color polyphenism
Seasonal body color polyphenism: example of seasonal polyphenism when during the season, two or
more forms exist of the same ontogenetic stage (e.g., nymphs [larvae], pupae, or adults) with
difference in body coloration. These different body color forms can be in different generations
or coloration of one particular individual can change during its life (e.g., diapausing individuals
change body color from green to russet and, then, upon diapause termination after overwinter-
ing, the body color changes back to green). Synonym: Seasonal body color change
Seasonal camouflage: ability an organism to avoid observation or detection by other organisms; passive
protection from predators
Seasonal changes of degree of development of wing muscles: example of seasonal polyphenism
when during the season, two or more forms of adults exist with difference in degree of devel-
opment of wing muscles (e.g., a form with fully developed wing muscles and capable of flight
and a form with weakly developed or reduced wing muscles and incapable of flight). Also see
Seasonal changes of wing size
Seasonal changes of reproductive allocation: refers to the seasonal changes in the proportion of an
organism’s energy budget (or investment of resources) allocated to reproduction
Seasonal changes of wing size: example of seasonal polyphenism when during the season, two or more
forms of adults exist with difference in degree of development of wings (in some species, can
range from winglessness to fully developed wings, or macroptery). See Long-winged adults,
Short-winged adults, and Seasonal changes of degree of development of wing muscles