Index 267
sheep 249
Mycobacterium bovis in 80–82, 130
pox 2
Sudan 82
sigma K factor (SigK) 114
single intradermal comparative cervical test (SICCT)
47, 52, 85, 175
single intradermal test (SIT) 175
slaughter 37, 38, 54, 192, 193
inspections 173, 175
surveillance 124, 240
SMART objectives 226, 227
socio-economic impacts 3
Somalia, camels 85
South Africa 84, 98
agro-pastoral farming 20
game parks 217
Mycobacterium bovis 64, 99
national parks 98–99
South America 13
camelids 131
Mycobacterium bovis 65, 141
Spain 63
deer 96, 101
goats 81, 82
Mycobacterium caprae 81
pigs 83
wild boar 95, 232
species-specific reagents 163
spillover hosts 97, 98, 101, 106, 232
deer 97
wild boar 101
spoligotyping 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67
sputum smear microscopy 16, 248
stakeholders 60, 227–229, 230, 232, 235, 236,
237, 238, 249
Morocco 38
transdisciplinary workshops 38
sterols 110
Stop TB Partnership 18
Global Plan to End TB 24
Strategic and Technical Advisory Group 33
Sudan
camels 85
raw sheep 82
sulfolipids 111, 113
super-infection 63
super-spreading cattle 46
surveillance 12, 18, 24, 59, 68, 70, 175, 191, 192,
227, 230, 248, 253
abattoirs 38, 51, 249
gaps 46
livestock 243
molecular 59–60
slaughter 124, 240
wildlife 53, 66, 235
susceptibility 148
Sweden, deer 64
swine 82, 84, 132
fever 2
granulomas 134
Switzerland, test-and-slaughter 37–38T cells 129, 142, 144, 154, 158–161, 174, 176,
177, 197, 199, 210–211, 250, 251
calves 158
cattle 158–159
CD4+ 155, 156, 157
central memory 157–158
lipid-responsive CD1-restricted 154
mucosal invariant (MAIT) 154, 160
non-conventional 158–161
polyfunctional 155–156
regulatory (Tregs) 157
responses 178, 178
T lymphocytes 126, 126 , 127, 133, 161
Tanzania 240
Mycobacterium bovis 64
raw milk 20
test-and-cull 99
test-and-removal 180
test-and-slaughter 35, 37–38, 45, 191, 206, 212,
239, 243
test-insensitive animals 47
test-positive animals 51
testing 51, 53, 227, 241–242
animal-level 60
ante-mortem schemes 174–175
effectiveness 52
frequency 51
tuberculin 51
tests
blood-based laboratory 12
molecular genetic 61
serological 161, 183, 192, 241
single intradermal comparative cervical (SICCT)
47, 52, 85, 175
single intradermal (SIT) 175
see also diagnostic tests
TH 1 immune response 127–128
therapy, antimicrobial 23
tissue responses 156–157
TLRs 143, 148
tonsils 122, 212
trade 58, 207, 227
barriers 1, 9, 13, 14, 19
cattle 173
international 2, 3, 9, 12, 31, 32
transmission 34–35, 37, 43, 45, 49, 59, 66, 93, 97,
115, 216
aerosol 80, 81, 86, 95, 191
age-dependent patterns 50–51, 50
airborne 21, 34, 69