Before and After Muhammad The First Millennium Refocused
186 | CHAPTER 6 nonbishop to be hailed a “Father,” by Augustine;^106 and he came to symbolize the patristic endeavor for posteri ...
EXEGETICAL CULTURES 2 | 187 the Qurʾān their own edifice of interpretation, expressed in a distinctive Ara- bic vocabulary. Rece ...
188 | CHAPTER 6 cies at work too, especially later on, toward suppression of philosophical speculation and imposition of orthodo ...
EXEGETICAL CULTURES 2 | 189 teachings be adulterated.^115 Mani, Marcion, and the Qurʾān were all focusing on a problem inherent ...
190 | CHAPTER 6 Christian Bibles, notably the Psalms.^122 For its own reasons, European schol- arship has traditionally dismisse ...
EXEGETICAL CULTURES 2 | 191 Besides being scripture, and exegesis of earlier scriptures, the Qurʾān was also itself the object o ...
192 | CHAPTER 6 hadīth were nonetheless accepted as an extension of revelation.^136 The most influential collections (written, b ...
EXEGETICAL CULTURES 2 | 193 tual obscurities, narrative materials often of Jewish or Christian origin, and legal interpretation ...
194 | CHAPTER 6 scholars’ understanding of law both as organizing the whole of one’s life, even its most intimate aspects, and a ...
EXEGETICAL CULTURES 2 | 195 tive, and editorial comment, as well as the core saying. Prophetic biography was a natural developme ...
196 | CHAPTER 6 countryside until the appearance of Muhammad, whose followers they be- came. Sayf ’s strange story was eventuall ...
EXEGETICAL CULTURES 2 | 197 shall have more to say in the last. Both help define the First Millennium, the thugs announcing the ...
7 VIEWPOINTS AROUND 1000 TŪS, BASRA, BAGHDAD, PISA I suggested in chapter 3 that the First Millennium periodization can be con- ...
VIEWPOINTS AROUND 1000 | 199 also a little bit forward, and to consolidate in this way our sense of the First Millennium’s disti ...
200 | CHAPTER 7 criticism of scholars who wrote in Persian, all in different ways acknowledged the distinctiveness of their heri ...
VIEWPOINTS AROUND 1000 | 201 the credentials of the Mazdean scriptures, the Avesta, can hardly be ques- tioned.^12 Their oldest ...
202 | CHAPTER 7 The King of Kings Shapur [I: c. 241–72], son of Ardashir, collected again the writings deriving from the religio ...
VIEWPOINTS AROUND 1000 | 203 from permanent loss and to justify the religion’s fundamental dualist as- sumptions. What we see in ...
204 | CHAPTER 7 Ferdowsi’s epic closes with the great defeat suffered by the Sasanians at Arab hands at the Battle of Qādisīya c ...
VIEWPOINTS AROUND 1000 | 205 worldview imposed a revision of the antique heritage.^32 The Alexandrian conspectus of human knowle ...
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