National Geographic History - 01.2019 - 02.2019

PLUS: Birth of the Big Screen The Cinématographe JANUARY/ FEBRUARY 2019 EGYPTIAN JUSTICE CRIME AND PUNISHMENT IN THE NEW KINGDOM ...

Precision movement • Digital and analog timekeeping • LED subdials • Stainless steel crown, caseback & bracelet Dual time z ...

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY 1 FROM THE EDITOR Amy Briggs, Executive Editor In 1787 Thomas Jefferson wrote to James Madison, “I h ...

PLUS:Birth of the Big Screen The Cinématographe EGYPTIAN JUSTICECRIME AND PUNISHMENT INTHE NEW KINGDOM KILLING CICERO ROMAN REPU ...

4 NEWS Packed with bones and artifacts, a lakeside cemetery in Kenya is revealing insights into the lives of ancient Africans ne ...

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NEWS suggest that this mysterious complex of rings of boul- ders, small stone pillars, and cairns functioned as both a cemetery— ...

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY 5 carved colored stones. Re- searchers were intrigued to find an ornate headpiece decorated with 405 ...

PROFILES The Lumières: Sires of the Cinema Brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière created the world’s first motion picture in 1895 w ...

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY 7 returned home from Paris, Antoine encouraged his sons to begin working on a new invention. One yea ...

PROFILES Describing the street-life scenes that appeared on the screen before him, Georges Méliès, the renowned magician and dir ...

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY 9 film in 1895, a local gazette trumpeted, “We have already recorded and repro- duced spoken words. ...

10 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2019 INVENTIONS the 11th century, and the three-stringed rebec, which appeared in Spain between the 11th and ...

Nicolò, who became the maestro to two of the most celebrated violin makers: An- drea Guarneri and Antonio Stradivari. The violin ...

FINDING THE FIRST WORDS The Roots of Indo-European Languages ÓSCAR PUJOL ...

THE LIVING AND THE DEAD Sanskrit, an Indo- European language, flows across this 15th- century Jain text. Many languages in this ...

14 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2019 Indo-Iranian branch, which includes Persian, Urdu,Bengali,and Romani.Most European lan- guages (with a ...

European scholars in the Middle Ages looked to several ancient tongues, including Hebrew, as possible candidates for the origina ...

16 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2019 In the centuries that followed, these kinds of comparisons would continue to be collected. A French sch ...

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY 17 they have reconstructed a picture of what PIE culture might have been like and how it could have ...