Jim_Krane]_Energy_Kingdoms__Oil_and_Political_Sur

106IRAN AND DUBAI LEAD THE WAY $245 a year later. Expatriate complaints elicited little official sympathy. DEWA executives advi ...

IRAN AND DUBAI LEAD THE WAY107 around their swimming pools. They hosed down cars and walkways to keep down the dust. “Forty yea ...

108IRAN AND DUBAI LEAD THE WAY optional, since enforcement by disconnection was unusual. DEWA, how- ever, took a hard line, giv ...

IRAN AND DUBAI LEAD THE WAY109 The fact remains that Dubai’s 15 percent increase in electricity tariffs stayed in place for the ...

110IRAN AND DUBAI LEAD THE WAY a corner from which there was no other way out. The rest of the Gulf found itself in similar, al ...

IRAN AND DUBAI LEAD THE WAY111 of 76) agreed that citizens consider subsidies as “rights of citizen- ship,” backing up the acad ...

112IRAN AND DUBAI LEAD THE WAY normally debated in traditional family- tribal networks and then simply launched: “Policy making ...

TABLE 7.1 Public employment, political repression, and unrest (annual average: 2000– 2007) Country Rent per capita Public Wage B ...

Country Rent per capita Public Wage Bill per capita Index of Political Repression Unrest (2010– 2012) US$ thousands US$ thousand ...

IRAN AND DUBAI LEAD THE WAY115 take a new approach. My survey data suggests two lessons: First, gov- ernments need to find ways ...

8. Shifting Gears in Saudi Arabia A bdullah bin Abdul- Aziz ibn Saud was eighty- two when, in 2005, he was crowned king. Abdulla ...

SHIFTING GEARS IN SAUDI ARABIA117 Energy technocrats understood the danger posed by the kingdom’s yearly 6 percent growth in oi ...

118SHIFTING GEARS IN SAUDI ARABIA Time and again, King Abdullah’s ministers and energy advisers brought up the necessity of ref ...

SHIFTING GEARS IN SAUDI ARABIA119 the ranks. He grew up in fog- shrouded Abha, a remote mountaintop town near the Yemeni border ...

120SHIFTING GEARS IN SAUDI ARABIA instance, three- quarters of the kingdom’s buildings lack insulation.^7 Many also lack double ...

SHIFTING GEARS IN SAUDI ARABIA121 September 2015, oil had hovered near $100 a barrel. At the time of Abdul- lah’s death in Janu ...

122SHIFTING GEARS IN SAUDI ARABIA watchers. For starters, Muhammad bin Salman was just thirty years old. Many Saudis said he re ...

SHIFTING GEARS IN SAUDI ARABIA123 pace at the top. Young Saudis embraced Twitter and Facebook at a level unmatched nearly anywh ...

124SHIFTING GEARS IN SAUDI ARABIA The outlook was sobering. The kingdom needed an estimated $133 bil- lion to keep up with elec ...

SHIFTING GEARS IN SAUDI ARABIA125 Muhammad bin Salman followed up with an announcement that, over the next five years, energy s ...