202INDEXKhomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 98
King Fahd (Saudi Arabia), 116
King Fahd University of Petroleum and
Minerals (KFUPM), 119
King Idris (Libya), 41
Kuwait: as British protectorate, 16; Burgan
oilfield, 2, 35; early independent
sheikhdoms, 16; energy demand in, 12,
140; independence of, 16– 17; Iraqi
invasion of, 15; political freedoms in,
16– 17
Kuwait City, 16, 33, 65, 136
Levant, 8, 16
Libya, 15, 41, 45, 58, 112, 114, 138
liquefied natural gas (LNG), 75, 104– 105,
107, 109, 141; of Qatar, 92
Luciani, Giacomo, 61, 87– 89
Mahdavy, Hossein, 98
Maktoum, al- (ruling family of Dubai), 19,
24, 92, 107, 109
Maktoum, Mohammed bin Rashid al- (ruler
of Dubai), 104
Maktoum, Saeed al- , (ruler of Dubai), 26
Manama (Bahrain), 24
Masjed- e- Soleyman oilfield (Iran), 98
Mecca (Saudi Arabia), 8– 9, 11, 14, 26
Medina (Saudi Arabia), 8– 9, 11, 14, 26
Mesopotamia, 1, 8
Ministry of Electricity and Water (Kuwait),
141
Ministry of Electricity and Water (Saudi
Arabia), 132
Ministry of Energy, Industry, and Natural
Resources (Saudi Arabia), 132
Ministry of Oil and Gas (Oman), 85
Ministry of Petroleum and Minerals (Saudi
Arabia), 130
modernization theory, 51, 53– 54, 56, 60; by
Deutsch, 51, 53; by Huntington, 51, 53; by
Lipset, 51, 53
Moneef, Majid al- , 117
Motiva refinery (Texas), 164
Mubarak the Great (ruler of Kuwait), 16
Muhammad (Prophet), 8, 136
Munif, Abdelrahman, 29– 30, 34
Murban oilfield (Abu Dhabi), 2
Muscat, 21, 23, 52
Muslim Brotherhood, 13, 20, 153Nahyan, al- (ruling family of Abu Dhabi),
19, 24
Nahyan, Mohammed bin Zayed al- (sheikh
of Abu Dhabi), 151
Nahyan, Shakhbut bin Sultan al- (ruler of
Abu Dhabi), 54– 55
Nahyan, Zayed bin Sultan al- (ruler of Abu
Dhabi), 55– 56
Naimi, Ali (minister of petroleum of Saudi
Arabia), 130– 132, 167
National Iranian Oil Co. (NIOC), 43
nationalization, 39– 45, 48– 50, 59, 76, 83
national oil companies (NOCs), 48– 49, 59,
91, 93, 166
Native American, 25
natural gas: consumption of, 29, 83, 99,
130; use in electricity, 72, 126; flaring of,
44, 59, 72, 93, 168; production of, 15,
24, 36, 41, 47, 68, 84, 91, 104, 129, 143,
150, 162, 168; reserves of, 12, 19, 24,
33– 51, 68, 72, 92, 99, 143, 165– 171;
trade in , 62, 72, 77, 82, 101, 127, 141,
145, 152, 157
Nejd (region of Saudi Arabia), 13– 14
Nimr, Nimr al- , 125
Nobel (family), 29
North Field (Qatar), 45
North Sea, 89
North Slope, of Alaska, 89
nuclear power, 66, 94Obama, Barack (US president), 163
obsolescing bargain, 39– 40
Occidental Petroleum, 41
OECD, 57