Notes 175
- Second Schleswig-Holstein War (#46), Seven Weeks’ War (#55), and the
Franco-Prussian War (#58). Katharine A. Lerman, “Bismarckian Germany and the
Structure of the German Empire,” in Mary Fulbrook, ed., German History since 1800
(London: Arnold, 1997), chapter 8, pp. 147–167, at p. 147. Kennedy, for example,
claims that after 1870, Germany, backed by its high industrial power and led by
Bismarck, dominated the European great powers. According to him, diplomats in
those years claimed that all roads led to Berlin. Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the
Great Powers, pp. 149, 160–162, 171, 185–188. - Sun Tzu, The Art of War, translated by Ralph Sawyer (New York: Basic
Books, 1994); Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War (New York: Penguin, 1978). - Dale C. Copeland, The Origins of Major War (Ithaca, NY and London: Cor-
nell University Press, 2000), p. 1. - Leslie H. Gelb, “Vietnam: The System Worked,” Foreign Policy, No. 3 (Sum-
mer 1971), pp. 140–167; Leslie H. Gelb and Richard K. Betts, The Irony of Vietnam:
The System Worked (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1979). - Waltz, Theory of International Politics.
- Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics.
- According to Hegemonic Stability Theory, peace will prevail when one coun-
try establishes supremacy, for a hegemonic country will not have the need to fight
whereas other countries will lack the ability to do so. A. F. K. Organski, World
Politics (New York: Knopf, 1968); Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981). - Wohlforth, “The Stability of a Unipolar World.”
- For general criticism on neorealism and especially on Waltz, see Rob-
ert O. Keohane, ed., Neorealism and Its Critics (New York: Columbia University
Press, 1986); John G. Ruggie, “Continuity and Transformation in the World Pol-
ity: Toward a Neorealist Synthesis,” World Politics, Vol. 35, No. 2 (January 1983),
pp. 261–285; Alexander Wendt, “The Agent-Structure Problem in International
Relations Theory,” International Organization, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Summer 1987),
pp. 335–370.
CHAPTER 1
- Waltz supports this plea. According to him, international relations theory
is written in terms of the major powers of the period, and theories relating to
self-help systems are written in terms of the main parts constituting the system.
According to him, it would be ridiculous to build international relations theory
based on Malaysia or Costa Rica; the fate of all countries constituting the system
is affected primarily by the actions and interaction between the major powers
and not those of the small powers. Therefore, a general theory of international
politics must be based on the major powers. Waltz, Theory of International Politics,
pp. 72–73. - The COW Typology of War: Defining and Categorizing Wars.
- Wohlforth, “The Stability of a Unipolar World,” p. 8 fn. 11.
- Kenneth N. Waltz, “The Stability of a Bipolar World,” Daedalus, Vol. 93, No.
3 (Summer 1964), pp. 881–909. - Waltz, Theory of International Politics, pp. 161–162.