Russian Hajj. Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca - Eileen Kane

...

Russian Hajj ...

...

Russian Hajj EMPIRE AND THE PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA Eileen Kane Cornell University Press Ithaca and London ...

Cornell University Press gratefully acknowledges receipt of a subvention from the Research Matters program of Connecticut Colleg ...

For my mother and father and in memory of my brother Matthew (1978–1998) ...

Map 1. The Russian Empire and neighboring lands, ca.  BLACK SEA REDSEA MEDITERRANEAN SEA ARABIAN SEA PERSIANGULF BASEALTIC N 0 0 ...

vii con t e n t s List of Maps viii Preface: Sources and Maps ix Introduction: Russia as a Crossroads of the Global Hajj 1 1 Imp ...

viii m a p s The Russian Empire and neighboring lands, ca. 1900 vi Main Russian hajj routes, late nineteenth and early twent ...

ix pr e fac e: sou rc e s a n d m a p s This study was made possible by an accidental discovery in the Russian impe- rial foreig ...

x Preface challenges of writing a history of human mobility is that sources tend to be fragmented and scattered across great dis ...

Preface xi who often could not communicate with Muslim pilgrims—and to whom, as non-Muslims, the holy site of Mecca was closed—t ...

xii Syr^ Dary a BLA CK SEA REDSEA MEDITERRANEAN SEA ARABIAN SEA PERSIANGULF N 0 0 400 600 200 800 km 300 400 200100 500 mi Borde ...

xiii Map 2. Main Russian hajj routes, late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Syr Dar ya BLAC K SEA REDSEA MEDITERRANEAN S ...

The First House of Worship founded for mankind was in Bakka [Makkah]. Blessed and guidance to mankind. In it are evident signs, ...

1 Introduction Russia as a Crossroads of the Global Hajj In the late nineteenth century Russia took on a new role in the world: ...

2 Introduction France for influence over Christian populations in the disintegrating and increasingly weak Ottoman Empire. But t ...

Russia as a Crossroads of the Global Hajj 3 made the hajj through Russian-ruled lands before the nineteenth century; most would ...

4 Introduction term infrastructure I  do not mean to suggest a static structure, but instead a flexible, evolving system that ch ...

Russia as a Crossroads of the Global Hajj 5 how Russia governed its Muslim populations, as well as Muslim experiences of tsarist ...