Russian Hajj. Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca - Eileen Kane

8686 3 Forging a Russian Hajj Route Hav i n g mapped the basic geography of the hajj, Russia next turned to orga- nizing it. In ...

Forging a Russian Hajj Route 87 Russia was not the only European power to do so. By the late nineteenth cen- tury the majority o ...

88 Chapter Three the Orthodox Church, which enjoyed preeminent status in the empire, and was a crucial source of institutional s ...

Forging a Russian Hajj Route 89 Russian lands and points abroad where Russia already had consulates, and thus would be easiest t ...

90 Chapter Three force but by suasion, using “friendly” measures to attract pilgrims to the in- tended routes with promises, and ...

Forging a Russian Hajj Route 91 expansion, including the building of the trans-Siberian railroad. It also gave generous subsidie ...

92 Chapter Three to use Russian transport to organize the hajj, but it seems likely that he would have supported it. Not only di ...

Forging a Russian Hajj Route 93 offering superior services and incentives for using these modes of transport. The government had ...

94 Chapter Three Safarov had been working for years with foreign steamship companies to orga- nize transport for hajj pilgrims. ...

Forging a Russian Hajj Route 95 Thieves abounded on the trans-Caucasus line, according to a Persian notable named Hosayn Farahan ...

96 MEDITERRANEAN SEA BLACK SEA RED SEA CA SEASPIAN MEDITERRANEAN SEA PERSIAN GULF N 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 km 100 200 300 mi Su ...

Forging a Russian Hajj Route 97 Along the trans-Caspian line, a military railroad manned entirely by sol- diers, things were not ...

98 Chapter Three Figure 3.3. Odessa, view of the quarantine port. Early 1900s. (Author’s collection) the platform.”^31 Provision ...

Forging a Russian Hajj Route 99 quay, before boarding a steamship bound for the Red Sea.^33 It was also not lost on Russia’s Mus ...

100 Chapter Three There was still another factor that probably contributed to ROPiT’s poor sale of tickets to hajj pilgrims in 1 ...

Forging a Russian Hajj Route 101 through Bombay as one of its “interests” in need of “protection” there, the ministry got permis ...

102 Chapter Three It would have made a lot of sense for the Ministry of Internal Affairs to have ROPiT and the Volunteer Fleet c ...

Forging a Russian Hajj Route 103 Zimmerman kept the pressure on the Volunteer Fleet. He wrote back to the committee, urging it t ...

104 Chapter Three the Petersburg got delayed; it should have gotten from Jeddah to Odessa in one week, but instead it took three ...

Forging a Russian Hajj Route 105 Iurʹev argued that transporting hajj pilgrims would require special steamships and hefty govern ...