Russian Hajj. Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca - Eileen Kane

14 6 Chapter Four cholera in Odessa,” and ordered him to cancel them.^105 He also forbade him to force pilgrims onto Volunteer F ...

The Hajj and Religious Politics after 1905 147 British in India a decade or so earlier, the Russian government abandoned its eff ...

14 8 Chapter Four Liberals writing in the pages of the Kadet Party mouthpiece, Russkoe slovo, for instance, pushed for governmen ...

The Hajj and Religious Politics after 1905 149 Menshikov’s support for hajj patronage was, above all, motivated by eco- nomic an ...

150 Chapter Four By 1910, ROPiT and the Volunteer Fleet were both running ads for their “Hejaz Steamships” in Muslim newspapers ...

The Hajj and Religious Politics after 1905 151 “Hejaz steamships,” ticket sales in Odessa and places across the empire, and lodg ...

152 Chapter Four in Ottoman lands? He worried that the state-supported and state-promoted itinerary through Russian and Ottoman ...

The Hajj and Religious Politics after 1905 153 ideas not only about Islam, but also about Russia, the empire to which they belon ...

154 Chapter Four Hajj memoirs confirm the growing popularity of this route. In one account from 1899, a Tatar from the Volga reg ...

155 Mt. Athos BLACK SEA REDSEA C ASPIAN SEA PERSIANGULF BABALTIC SEALTIC SEA N 0 0 500 km 300 mi Beirut Ismailiia Al’mushev’s ha ...

156 Chapter Four And yet, this does not mean that Russia’s efforts to organize the hajj were a complete failure. Recall that the ...

157157 5 The Hajj and Socialist Revolution The outbreak of World War I in August 1914 ended the tsarist government’s involvement ...

158 Chapter Five to Muslims to make the pilgrimage through Soviet lands. Odessa reemerged as a hub of Eurasian hajj traffic as p ...

The Hajj and Socialist Revolution 159 The Soviet hajj campaign would be brief. It began in 1926 and was over by 1930, when the G ...

160 Chapter Five “build socialism”—to collectivize agriculture, build cities and factories, and create a modern socialist state. ...

The Hajj and Socialist Revolution 161 They understood Mecca as a site where Muslim elites from around the world gathered once a ...

162 Chapter Five to approach Khakimov to ask for the diplomatic protection “they had enjoyed in the past.”^15 Khakimov saw strat ...

The Hajj and Socialist Revolution 163 called for Soviet support and transport of foreign hajj pilgrims, as well as the dispatch ...

16 4 Chapter Five It established prices for foreign passports and round-trip fare, which included rail travel to and from Odessa ...

The Hajj and Socialist Revolution 165 through word of mouth, slowly attracting hajj traffic, and turning deficits into profits o ...