336 Chapter 11 Complex sentences
In (1) ban conjoins the two clauses, while in (4) attempting to coordinate the
clauses with so ‘with’ results in ungrammaticality. The same is shown in (5),
where ban can coordinate the two clauses but bi' cannot.
Disjunction is indicated with the conjunction otaba ‘or’.
(6) Siti badha e kantor otaba (aba'na) entar ka stasiun.
Siti exist at office or she go to station
‘Siti is at the office or she went to the station.’
(7) Apa Ali a-lako otaba (aba'na) tedhung?
what Ali AV-work or he sleep
‘Is Ali working or sleeping?’
As indicated in (6) and (7), and as is true of all coordinated clauses, if the sub-
jects are shared by the two clauses, the second of the two is omissible. In this
case, it may be that verb phrases rather than clauses are coordinated (see section
1.1).^1 However, null pronouns, especially subjects, are widespread throughout
the language, so the structure is compatible with either analysis.
Contradiction or contrary to expectation is indicated with the coordinating
conjunction tape ‘but’.
(8) Sohina a-berka' dha' taman tape Ina a-berka' dha' toko.
Sohina AV-run to park but Ina AV-run to store
‘Sohina ran to the park, but Inda ran to the store.’
(9) Deni ma-becce' komputer tape paggun rosak.
Deni AV.CS-good computer but still ruined
‘Deni fixed the computer, but it still doesn’t work.’
In (8), the different locations are being highlighted, as both Sohina and Ina run.
Obviously, in (9), contrary to expectations, the computer that had supposedly
been fixed by Deni in fact wasn’t fixed at all.
(^1) This is not to say that it is impossible to coordinate two clauses in which a null subject
of the second clause refers to a nonsubject in the first conjunct; that can surely arise, as
in (i).
(i) Ita ng-eccet bengko-na ban sateya barna-na mera.
Ita AV-paint house-DEF and now color- DEF red
‘Ita painted her house and now it's red.’
However, (i) is incompatible with a coordinated VP analysis because coordinated VPs
must share subjects, and so the second conjunct should be interpreted as being predi-
cated of Ita, which yields a pragmatically odd meaning.