A History of Applied Linguistics - From 1980 to the present

7.4 Conclusion This chapter presented psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic and educational trends as mentioned by the informants. T ...

8 Trends III The dynamic turn As mentioned in the previous chapters, one of the great changes or trends in the last decades has ...

Larsen-Freeman’s seminal article inApplied Linguisticsin 1997. As she men- tions, it took a while for this line of thinking to b ...

claim, or a useful metaphor? Rod Ellis’s ideas are shared by Henry Widdowson, who asks:“What complexity is there that we cannot ...

 Systems develop through interaction with their environment and through internal self-reorganization.  Because systems are con ...

for a discussion). The main problem is that these models are based on underlying assumptions that may no longer be tenable:  La ...

One of the problems of this assumption is that many second language speakers regularly experience a“feeling of knowing”. They wa ...

invariant entities (words, phonemes, syntactic patterns). In a dynamic approach this invariance is highly problematic because ev ...

The fundamental weakness of some of the major experimental tech- niques in cognitive psychology and neuroscience is that they ig ...

used in speech in a setting in which CS is a normal and generally accepted phenomenon. In CS“triggering”appears to play a role. ...

outside agent; the state is established solely because of the dynamical interactions among individual elements of the system: th ...

other language may be enough to make the system switch and in this sense lead to a change of state of the system. In other words ...

of the learner in order to allow the learner’s system to self-organize in new ways” (Larsen-Freeman and Cameron 2008: 122). In t ...

of study. The study focused on intra-individual variability in accuracy rates and complexity measures. The study demonstrates se ...

perspective on motivation.“Motivation is less a trait thanfluid play, an ever- changing one that emerges from the processes of i ...

Ideally, we would like to measure changes on a range of timescales ranging from seconds to years. MacIntyre developed a set of m ...

(Waningeet al.2014). For language learning a student may be motivated at the year scale because she wants a good job for which k ...

As mentioned at the beginning of the section, research on motivation and related phenomena such as language anxiety and willingn ...

Chan, H. (2015)“A dynamic approach to the development of lexicon and syntax in a second language”, PhD, University of Groningen. ...

Lowie, W. and Verspoor, M. (2011)“The dynamics of multilingualism: Levelt’s Speaking model revisited”in: M.S. Schmid and W. Lowi ...