The Astronomy Book

259 object’s brightness accurately, and they made visible objects that had previously been too faint to detect, such as the smal ...

A GRAND TOUR OF THE GIANT PLANETS EXPLORING THE SOLAR SYSTEM ...

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262 O n August 20, 1977, the Voyager 2 spacecraft was launched from Cape Canaveral in Florida. Two weeks later, its sister craft ...

263 closest planet to Earth at that time at 35 million miles (56 million km), but Neptune was 2.5 billion miles (4 billion km) a ...

264 and a second one toward Uranus and Neptune. The plan required a new long-range spacecraft and costs grew steadily. Then in 1 ...

265 to be controlled by 16 hydrazine thrusters. However, it would be too dark beyond the asteroid belt for solar panels to gener ...

266 iconic images of Io transiting Jupiter. Voyager 2 also got a closer look at Europa, showing that it was covered in a crust o ...

267 on this otherwise relatively quiet planet is the tilt of its axis, which is roughly 90°. As a result, Uranus does not spin a ...

268 MOST OF THE UNIVERSE IS MISSING ARK MATTERD I saac Newton’s universal law of gravitation is adequate for making calculations ...

269 See also: Gravitational theory 66–73 ■ Gravitational disturbances 92–93 ■ The shape of the Milky Way 164–65 ■ Supernovae 180 ...

270 of the planets are plotted against their distance from the sun, the data forms a smooth downward “rotation curve.” It follow ...

271 cannot directly be observed; only its effects are detectable, and the only effects that can be detected are from its gravity ...

272 NEGATIVE PRESSURES PRODUCE REPULSIVE GRAVITY COSMIC INFLATION IN CONTEXT KEY ASTRONOMER Alan Guth (1947–) BEFORE 1927 George ...

273 See also: The birth of the universe 168–71 ■ The primeval atom 196–97 ■ Searching for the Big Bang 222–27 ■ Gravitational wa ...

274 GALAXIES APPEAR TO E ON THE SURFACES OF B BUBBLELIKE STRUCTURES REDSHIFT SURVEYS IN CONTEXT KEY ASTRONOMERS Margaret Geller ...

275 See also: Spiral galaxies 156–61 ■ Beyond the Milky Way 172–77 ■ Cosmic inflation 272–73 ■ A digital view of the skies 296 T ...

276 STARS FORM FROM THE INSIDE OUT NSIDE GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDSI S tars form inside dark globules of dust and gas that are calle ...

277 See also: Stellar composition 162–63 ■ Nuclear fusion within stars 166–67 ■ Energy generation 182–83 ■ Dense molecular cloud ...

278 The impact of a density wave, or something more violent such as a blast from a nearby supernova, creates turbulence inside a ...