The Astronomy Book

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320 I n August 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory Rover, better known as Curiosity, landed on Mars. This 2,000-lb (900-kg) wheele ...

321 probes returned with a total of 11.5 oz (326 g) of rock. Then, in November 1970, the Soviet lander Luna 17 arrived at a larg ...

322 the Prop-M ever carried out its mission, but it was programmed to operate without input from Earth. A radio signal between t ...

323 pressed ahead with two Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs). In June 2003, MER A, named Spirit, and MER B, Opportunity, were ready ...

324 avoided mishap and continues to operate. In 2014, it beat Lunokhod 2’s distance record, and by August 2015 it had completed ...

325 speed to reach the Gale Crater, an ancient crater caused by a massive meteorite impact. A parachute slowed the craft to abou ...

326 THE BIGGEST EYE ON THE SKY LOOKING FARTHER INTO SPACE IN CONTEXT KEY DEVELOPMENT European Extremely Large Telescope (2 014 – ...

327 See also: Galileo’s telescope 56–63 ■ Gravitational theory 66–73 ■ Space telescopes 188–95 ■ Studying distant stars 304–05 T ...

328 RIPPLES THROUGH SPACETIME GRAVITATIONAL WAVES I n 1916, as he worked on his theory of relativity, Albert Einstein predicted ...

329 See also: Gravitational theory 66–73 ■ The theory of relativity 146–53 decades-long search had revealed the gravitational eq ...

330 would be the same as the speed of light, and that the ripples in spacetime would move outward in all directions. The intensi ...

331 was not an earth tremor, two identical detectors were built at opposite ends of the United States: one in Louisiana, the oth ...

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DIRECTO RY ...

334 ANAXIMANDER OF MILETUS 610–546 BCE Greek philosopher Anaximander provided one of the earliest attempts at a rational explana ...

DIRECTORY 335 IBN AL-HAYTHAM c.965–1040 Also known by his Latinized name Alhazen, Ibn al-Haytham worked at the court of the Fati ...

336 JOSEPH-LOUIS LAGRANGE 1736–1813 French–Italian mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange studied celestial mechanic ...

DIRECTORY 337 sunspots uncovered a correlation between their number and Earth’s climate. This led them to discover a period of r ...

338 ERNST ÖPIK 1893–1985 Estonian astrophysicist Ernst Öpik obtained his doctorate at the University of Tartu, Estonia, where he ...