J K
jaguars 65
Janzen, Daniel 43, 55, 56–57
Janzen–Connell hypothesis 55
Jenner, Edward 84, 102
Johnson, Roswell Hill 50
Johnston, Emma 235, 235
Jones, Clive 189Kaminskyj, Susan 339
kangaroo rats 185
Keeling, Charles 202, 228, 240
Keeling Curve 240–241, 241
Kelly, Allan O. 220
Kelly, Petra 308, 309, 309
kelp 64–65, 143
kestrels 111
Keto, Aila 338
keystone species 43, 60–65, 109, 130, 142
kin selection 19, 29, 39
Klein, Naomi 262, 263, 263
Klopfer, Peter H. 336
koala bears 111, 111
Koch, Robert 100, 102
Kolbert, Elizabeth 92, 202, 222
Krakatua 149, 149
Krebs, Charles 224
Kyoto Protocol 153, 320L
Lack, David 101, 114, 115
Lack’s principle 115
ladybugs 224, 271
lake ecosystem 211
Laland, Kevin 188
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste 18, 20–21, 21 , 26, 28, 32
land ethic 294–295, 306
landfill sites 331
Lawton, John 189
Leakey, Louis 120, 121
Leakey, Mary 336
Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van 42, 84–85, 100,
102, 130, 132
Leibold, Mathew 190, 192, 193
Lenski, Richard 31
Leonardo da Vinci 22
Leopold, Aldo 140, 142, 167, 244, 294, 297, 306,
307, 307
Levin, Simon A. 338
Levins, Richard 52, 186
Lewontin, Richard 188
lichens 171
life zone classification 197, 209
ligers 89Gore, Al 244, 304, 309, 319
gorillas 94 , 123
Gosling, Raymond 19
Gould, Stephen Jay 38
“great chain of being” 83
Great Lakes, North America 150–151
Great Oxygenation Event 189
Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch (GPOGP)
284
Great Tits 279, 279
Green Movement 297, 299, 308–309
Green Revolution 327
greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect 95,
153, 202, 202 , 203, 228, 239, 240, 241, 264,
294, 299
Greenpeace 299, 309, 330
Grew, Nehemiah 85
Grimm, Nancy 338–339
Grinnell, Joseph 42, 50–51, 108, 110, 112, 176
Grisebach, August 172
Growth Rate Hypothesis (GRH) 75
guilds 152, 161, 176 –177
gulls 101, 117H
habitats
carrying capacity 47
destruction 93, 94, 95, 124, 137, 239, 280
endangered 236–239
fragmentation 93, 124, 130, 157
protected 239
Haeckel, Ernst 91, 166, 206, 334–335
Hairston, Nelson 130, 141
Hamilton, William D. 19, 29, 38, 39, 154
Hansen, James 225
Hanski, Ilkka 161, 187, 187
Hardin, Garrett 108, 229, 250, 306
Hardy, Sarah 339
hares 110, 110 , 188
Harkin, James Bernard 335
Harrison, Nancy 189
Hartig, Theodor 104
Hatton, Harry 54
hawk-dove “game” 155
Hawking, Stephen 37
Hawkins, Charles 161, 177
HCFCs 261
Heath Hen 313, 313
heavy metals 105
Heinrich, Bernd 101, 126
Hennig, Willi 81, 90
hens 165, 313
herbivores 109, 113, 133, 139, 142
heredity 18, 19, 20, 21, 26, 28, 32–33
Herodotus 42
Hess, Harry 212
heterotherms 101, 126
heterotrophs 133HFCs 261
hibernation 278
Hoffman, Paul F. 337–338
Holdridge, Leslie 197, 206, 209
holistic theory 175, 210–211
Hölker, Franz 252
Holling, Crawford 131, 150–151
Holmes, Arthur 212
Holyoak, Marcel 190
homeostasis 215, 217
hominids 124
Hooke, Robert 22, 42, 80, 84, 85, 85 , 102
hornets 127
horses 31, 89
Hubbell, Stephen P. 152, 190
human behavior, animal models and 101, 118 –125
human genome 19, 34, 37, 123
Humboldt, Alexander von 42, 72, 160, 162–163,
163 , 166, 168, 174, 176, 206, 256
hummingbirds 110, 110
Hunter, Tim 253
hunting behavior 124
Hutchinson, George Evelyn 50, 51, 52,
111, 139
Hutton, James 18, 23, 196, 198, 204
Huxley, Julian 19, 26, 86
hydroelectric power 294, 302, 304–305
hydrosphere 197, 204, 215I
ibis 97
ice ages 198–199
ice cap melting 225, 318
idealization of nature 298, 299
immunity 70
imperial ecology 296, 299
imprinting 116 , 117
inbreeding 314
Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot 96 , 97
industrial melanism 31, 31
Industrial Revolution 20, 31, 228, 232, 241,
294, 296
Ingersoll, Andrews 224
insects
mass extinction 223
thermoregulation 126–127
interbreeding 88, 89
intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) 55
International Dark-Sky Association 229, 253
Internationl Union for Conservation of Nature
(IUCN) 236
invasive species 93, 148, 270–273
animals 270–271
plants 272–273, 282
island biogeography 94, 130–131, 144–149,
193INDEX 347
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