Phase 4:
Applying the Ideas
Application of the ideas into new situationReinforcement of constructed ideas in familiar and novel
situationsPersonal writing practical activity,
problem solving, project workSolve new problems, design,
projectPhase 5:
Review/Reflection
To reflect on the changes made to the ideasAwareness of change of ideas and familiarization with
learning process to allow the pupils to reflect upon the extent
to which their ideas have changedPersonal writing, group discussion,
personal diaries, reviewing work
postersReflective questioning,
pupils’ self- assessment on
the changes madeRujukan: Needham, R. & Hill, P. (1987). Teaching Strategies for Developing Understanding in Science. Leeds: University of Leeds.