The History Book

219 The Battle of Ayacucho (1824) saw the defeat of the Spanish army at the hands of the South American liberation troops. It ma ...

LIFE WITHOUT INDUSTRY IS GUILT STEPHENSON’S ROCKET ENTERS SERVICE (1830) US_220-225_Stephensons-Rocket.indd 220 15/02/2016 16:43 ...

US_220-225_Stephensons-Rocket.indd 221 15/02/2016 16:43 ...

222 O n September 15, 1830, the world’s first commercial passenger rail service to be powered by a steam engine— George Stephens ...

223 for farming. Crop yields were thus boosted, just as selective breeding produced larger and more profitable domesticated anim ...

224 power became clear. The earliest steam engines had been used mainly as pumps. Watts’s rotating engine, on the other hand, co ...

225 (310,600km) of rail track. The production of pig iron rose similarly: in 1810, it was a little less than 100,000 tons a year ...

226 YOU MAY CHOOSE TO LOOK THE OTHER WAY BUT YOU CAN NEVER AGAIN SAY YOU DID NOT KNOW THE SLAVE TRADE ABOLITION ACT (1807) T he ...

227 William Wilberforce, portrayed here by Karl Anton Hickel, was a fervent Christian and the British politician who campaigned ...

228 SOCIETY WAS CUT IN TWO THE 1848 REVOLUTIONS O n February 24, 1848, Louis- Philippe of France, the “Citizen King,” abdicated ...

229 See also: The signing of the Declaration of Independence 204–07 ■ The storming of the Bastille 208–13 ■ The Expedition of th ...

THIS ENTERPRISE WILL RETURN IMMENSE REWARDS THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SUEZ CANAL (1859–1869) US_230-235_Suez-Canal.indd 230 15/02/ ...

THIS ENTERPRISE WILL RETURN IMMENSE REWARDS THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SUEZ CANAL (1859–1869) US_230-235_Suez-Canal.indd 231 15/02/ ...

232 T he ceremonial opening, on November 17, 1869, of the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean and the Red seas, was an emphati ...

233 The Suez Canal opened in 1869 and dramatically cut sailing times between Europe and Asia. This provided a massive boost for ...

234 the same spirit. A remarkable 4,600 miles (7,400km) long and spanning seven time zones, it remains the longest continuous ra ...

235 100,000 bales in 1800 to 4 million in During the American Civil War, the southern, Confederate states restricted exports of ...

236 P erhaps the most important scientist of the 19th century, Charles Darwin originally intended to follow his father into medi ...

237 The finches on the Galapagos Islands were key to Darwin’s work. The 13 species he found there all had different types of bea ...

238 LET US ARM. LET US FIGHT FOR OUR BROTHERS THE EXPEDITION OF THE THOUSAND (1860) O n May 11, 1860, the Italian patriot and gu ...