The Science Book

A PARADIGM SHIFT 219 Hendrik Lorentz, whose “Lorentz factor” lay at the heart of Einstein’s description of physics close to the ...

220 ALBERT EINSTEIN within a particular reference frame is given by the equation E = mc^2. This principle of “mass-energy equiva ...

A PARADIGM SHIFT 221 In particular, he predicted that relativistic effects such as time dilation should occur in strong gravitat ...

222 EARTH’S DRIFTING CONTINENTS ARE GIANT PIECES IN AN EVER-CHANGING JIGSAW ALFRED WEGENER (1880–1930) IN CONTEXT BRANCH Earth s ...

He made maps showing how the American and African continents may once have fit together, and attributed their separation to the ...

224 CHROMOSOMES PLAY A ROLE IN HEREDITY THOMAS HUNT MORGAN (1866–1945) D uring the 19th century, biologists observing cells divi ...

225 See also: Gregor Mendel 166–71 ■ Barbara McClintock 271 ■ James Watson and Francis Crick 276–83 ■ Michael Syvanen 318–19 A P ...

PARTICLES HAVE WAVELIKE PROPERTIES ERWIN SCHRÖDINGER (1887 –1961) ...

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228 ERWIN SCHRÖDINGER E rwin Schrödinger was a key figure in the advancement of quantum physics—the science that explains the ti ...

A PARADIGM SHIFT 229 a French PhD student, Louis de Broglie, whose suggestion led the quantum revolution into a dramatic new pha ...

230 ERWIN SCHRÖDINGER only certain distances, and certain energy levels, would be stable. However, de Broglie’s solution relied ...

231 latter pair limited by the value of the principal number. The fourth number, with two possible values, was needed to explain ...

232 ERWIN SCHRÖDINGER wall and escape (an effect now known as quantum tunneling). The probability predictions of the wave equati ...

A PARADIGM SHIFT 233 Schrödinger’s cat Taken to its logical conclusion, the Copenhagen interpretation resulted in a seemingly ab ...

234 UNCERTAINTY IS INEVITABLE WERNER HEISENBERG (1901–1976) F ollowing Louis de Broglie’s suggestion in 1924 that on the smalles ...

235 See also: Albert Einstein 214–21 ■ Erwin Schrödinger 226–33 ■ Paul Dirac 246–47 ■ Richard Feynman 272–73 ■ Hugh Everett III ...

THE UNIVERSE IS BIG... AND GETTING BIGGER EDWIN HUBBLE (1889 –1953) ...

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238 EDWIN HUBBLE B y the early 20th century, ideas about the scale of the universe divided astronomers into two schools of thoug ...