349
photoelectric effect 205, 216–17
photons 50, 88, 110, 182, 217, 228, 229,
231, 245, 247, 272–73, 292, 293,
299, 304, 307, 317
photosynthesis 72, 73, 83, 85, 300, 301
phylogenetics 74
pi bonds 257, 258
Pictet, Raoul 82
Planck, Max 50, 182, 200, 202–05, 212,
216, 217, 228, 229, 230, 232, 235, 304
planets 68, 86–87, 275, 315
extrasolar 15, 127, 327
motion of 13, 20, 26–27, 32, 34–41,
52, 58–59, 64, 67–69, 296
plasmids 318, 319, 322
plastics 125, 140–41
plate tectonics 188, 223
Plato 18, 23, 36, 45, 60
Playfair, John 99
plutonium 194, 265
Podolsky, Boris 317
Poincaré, Henri 296, 297
Poisson, Siméon 44
Polchinski, Joseph 89, 314
pollination 73, 104
polonium 109, 193, 213
polymers 140–41
Popper, Karl 13, 45
positrons 246, 247, 292, 304
Power, Henry 49
Priestley, Joseph 72, 73, 76, 78, 79,
82–83, 84, 85, 92
primeval atom 201, 243, 244
prokaryotic cells 300
proteins 279, 280, 282, 283
protists 33, 57
protons 193, 194, 212, 213, 231, 263,
292, 299, 304, 306, 307
Proust, Joseph 72, 105 , 112
Ptolemy of Alexandria 14, 19, 26, 29,
36, 37, 38, 40
pulsars 248, 327
Pythagoras 13, 18, 22, 330Q
quanta 50, 200, 202–05
quantum chromodynamics 273, 310, 311
quantum computing 269, 284, 317
quantum electrodynamics (QED) 182,
201, 246, 247, 268, 272, 273, 310N
Nagasaki 265
Nägeli, Carl von 168
Nambu, Yoichiro 272
nanotubes 141, 321
Natta, Giulio 140
natural selection 60, 109, 118, 133,
142–49, 168, 172, 249
nebulae 238–41, 250
Needham, John 156, 158, 159
Neptune 68, 86, 87
Neumann, John von 233, 252
neutrinos 194, 306, 307
neutron degeneracy pressure 248
neutron stars 248, 251, 292
neutrons 192, 193, 194, 212, 213, 231,
262–63, 304, 306
Newlands, John 176–77, 178
Newton, Isaac 13, 14, 24, 29, 32, 33, 40,
41, 42, 43, 45, 50–51, 59, 62–69, 72,
86, 87, 88, 98, 102, 110, 119, 126,
136, 137, 138, 183, 216, 296
Nicholson, William 92, 95
Niepce, Nicéphore 333
Nishijima, Kazuhiko 307
nitrogen 79
nitrous oxide 78
noble gasses 178, 179
nuclear forces 292, 293, 299, 306, 307,
310–12
nuclear power 194, 2606–5
nuclear radiation 208, 210, 292
nucleic acids 279, 280, 282
nucleotides 325
nucleus
atomic 201, 208, 210–13, 229, 230,
231, 256, 260–65, 292, 304, 306, 310
cell 170, 224, 283, 300, 301
O
Ochia, Kunitaro 318, 319
Odierna, Giovanni Battista 54
Oldham, Richard Dixon 188–89
omega particle 304, 307
Oparin, Alexander 274, 275
Oppenheimer, J. Robert 201, 260–65
optics 13, 19, 28–29, 32
orbits 86, 87
atomic 212, 231, 256–58
elliptical 32, 40–41, 52, 64, 67
Oresme, Nicole, Bishop of Lisieux 37–38
Organ, Charles 172
organelles 300, 301
organic chemistry 162–65, 256–59
Oró, Joan 274
Ørsted, Hans Christian 15, 108, 120 ,
121, 182, 292
Ostrom, John 172
Owen, Richard 109, 116, 117
oxygen 14, 72, 73, 76, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84,
85, 105, 163, 301, 315
ozone 294P
Pace, John K. 318
Palade George Emil 337
paleontology 15, 116–17, 118, 172–73
Pangaea 223
Papin, Denis 332
parallax method 59, 238, 240
Paré, Ambroise 331
Parkes, Alexander 140, 141
Parkesine 141
particle accelerators 13, 268, 269, 292,
293, 298, 299, 304–05, 306, 307, 311
particle physics 228, 269, 299, 302–13
particles
decay of 292
force-carrying 298–99, 307
wavelike properties 226–33, 234,
246, 272
Pascal, Blaise 46, 47 , 49
Pasteur, Louis 109, 156–59, 197
Patterson, Clair 98, 101
Pauli, Wolfgang 230–31, 234, 248
Pauling, Linus 162, 164, 201, 254–59,
278, 280, 281
Pavlov, Ivan 249, 336
pendulums 32, 51, 102, 126, 137
Penrose, Roger 338
Penzias, Arno 245
Périer, Florin 47
periodic table 15, 30, 109, 112, 162, 174–79
Perutz, Max 281
Phillips, John 98, 100
phlogiston 13, 14, 72, 79, 82, 83, 84INDEX