The Philosophy Book

THE MODERN WORLD 219 Western philosophy. The story begins, Nietzsche says, with the Greek philosopher Plato. The real world Plat ...

220 FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE everything of value in the world is somehow “beyond” the reach of this world leads to a way of thinking ...

221 Nietzsche’s writings were edited and censored by his anti-semitic sister Elizabeth, who controlled his archive after he beca ...

222 See also: Socrates 46–49 ■ Søren Kierkegaard 194–95 ■ Michel Foucault 302–03 ■ Luce Irigaray 320 A had Ha’am was the pen nam ...

223 See also: Plato 50–55 ■ Charles Sanders Peirce 205 ■ Ludwig Wittgenstein 246–51 ■ Roland Barthes 290–91 ■ Julia Kristeva 323 ...

224 EXPERIENCE BY ITSELF IS NOT SCIENCE EDMUND HUSSERL (1859–1938) IN CONTEXT BRANCH Ontology APPROACH Phenomenology BEFORE 5th ...

225 See also: René Descartes 116–23 ■ Franz Brentano 336 ■ Martin Heidegger 252–55 ■ Emmanuel Levinas 273 ■ Maurice Merleau-Pont ...

226 INTUITION GOES IN THE VERY DIRECTION OF LIFE HENRI BERGSON (1859–1941) IN CONTEXT BRANCH Epistemology APPROACH Vitalism BEFO ...

227 Capturing the essence of a city, person, or object may only be possible through direct knowledge gained from intuition, not ...

228 J ohn Dewey belongs to the philosophical school known as pragmatism, which arose in the US in the late 19th century. The fou ...

229 See also: Heraclitus 40 ■ Charles Sanders Peirce 205 ■ William James 206–09 ■ Jürgen Habermas 306–07 ■ Richard Rorty 314–19 ...

230 the many environments in which we find ourselves are themselves always changing. Not only this, but these environments do no ...

231 Scientific experiments, such as those performed by Benjamin Franklin in the 1740s, help us gain control over the world. Dewe ...

232 See also: Georg Hegel 178–85 ■ Karl Marx 196–203 ■ William James 206–09 ■ Bertrand Russell 236–39 I n The Life of Reason (19 ...

233 See also: Siddhartha Gautama 30–33 ■ St Augustine of Hippo 72–73 ■ Martin Heidegger 252–55 ■ Albert Camus 284–85 ■ Jean-Paul ...

234 BELIEVE IN LIFE WILLIAM DU BOIS (1868–1963) IN CONTEXT BRANCH Ethics APPROACH Pragmatism BEFORE 4th century BCE Aristotle ex ...

235 See also: Aristotle 56–63 ■ Charles Sanders Peirce 205 ■ William James 206–09 ■ John Dewey 228–31 THE MODERN WORLD The probl ...

236 THE ROAD TO HAPPINESS LIES IN AN ORGANIZED DIMINUTION OF WORK BERTRAND RUSSELL (1872–1970) IN CONTEXT BRANCH Ethics APPROACH ...

THE MODERN WORLD 237 Depression, a period of global economic crisis following the Wall Street Crash of 1929. It might seem dista ...

238 BERTRAND RUSSELL Immense harm is caused by the belief that work is virtuous. Bertrand Russell this perceived virtue rather t ...