Bodin, Jean, 362
Body of Civil Law(Justinian), 212, 214
Boeotia, 49, 62
Bohemia: Austria and, 367; Christianity in,
190; Hussites in, 296; Ottomans and,
296; Poland and, 295; in Thirty Years’
War, 359
Boleyn, Anne, 312, 313, 321
Bologna, university in, 212, 214
Boniface (Saint), 160
Boniface VIII (Pope), 262–63,263, 264
Book of Common Prayer, 313
Book of Kells, The, 158
Book of the City of Ladies, The(Christine de
Pizan), 267
Book of the Courtier, The(Castiglione), 277
Book of the Dead(Egypt), 19
Books: in Carolingian Renaissance, 178;
Index of Forbidden Books and, 319; in
Islamic Empire, 194; printing and, 286.
See alsoLibrary; Literature
Borders: of Roman Empire, 116 (map), 121,
148, 148 (map).See alsoFrontiers
Borgia family: Alexander VI (Pope) and, 297;
Cesare, 281, 297
Borough (burgh), meaning of, 207
Bosporus region, 149
Bosworth Field, battle at, 292
Boundaries.SeeBorders; Frontiers
Bourbon dynasty: religion and, 320; in Spain,
366; Thirty Years’ War and, 361
Bourgeois(ie), 207
Boyars (Russia), 231, 368
Boyle, Robert, 394
Brancacci Chapel,286, 287
Brandenburg, 367, 367 (map)
Brandenburg-Prussia, 367, 367 (map)
Brazil, 338, 345
Brennus (Celt), 81–82
Brindisi, Italy, 96
Britain.SeeEngland (Britain)
British East India Company, 344, 345
Britons, 154
Brittany, 224
Bronze, in Egypt, 20
Bronze Age, 5–6, 29 ; in Minoan Crete, 49–50
Bruges, 206, 209, 276
Brunelleschi, Filippo, 287, 288
Bruni, Leonardo, 283
Bubonic plague.SeeBlack Death; Plague
Buddha and Buddhism, Hellenistic
sculptures of, 88, 88
Bulgaria: Byzantine Empire and, 188;
Ottomans in, 296; Slavs and, 191
Bulgars, 165, 188, 191, 230
Bullion, 353
Burckhardt, Jacob, 274
Bureaucracy: in Egypt, 17; in France, 224,
226; in Rome, 124, 147, 148; university
education for, 213
Burgesses, in England, 224
Burghers, 277.See alsoBourgeois(ie)
Burgundy, duke of, 256, 261
Burgundy and Burgundians, 150, 224, 261,
295
Burma (Myanmar), 342
Bury St. Edmonds, Samson (abbot) at, 222Business: Amsterdam Exchange and, 353.
See alsoCommercial capitalism; Industry
Byblos, 34
Byzantine, use of term, 165
Byzantine Empire: in 8th century, 165, 165
(map); in 1025, 188 (map); Arabs and,
168, 169; crusaders and, 241, 245;
Eastern Roman Empire as, 147, 150, 152,
162–65, 163 (map); emperor in, 162–65;
end of, 165; height of, 187–89; Justinian
in, 152, 162–65, 163 (map); Ottoman
conquest of, 295–96; plague in, 251;
trade in, 163; Vikings and, 191; western
view of, 189; women in, 188–89.See also
Eastern Orthodoxy; Eastern Roman
Empire
Byzantium (city), 149, 165.See also
Constantinople (Istanbul)
Cabot, John, 333
Cabral, Pedro, 333
Caesar, Julius, 107, 113,113,114, 115
Caesarius of Arles, 158
Caffa, plague and, 251
Cairo, 194, 209, 241
Calais, 258
Calcutta, 344
Calendar: Julian, 115; of Maya, 334;
Sumerian, 14
Calicut, 342
California, missions in, 348
Caliphs and caliphate, 168, 169, 192–93, 194
Calvin, John, and Calvinism: development
of, 313–14; Huguenots and, 320; on
marriage, 314; in Netherlands, 314, 321;
portrait of, 314 ; Puritans and, 315, 372;
on women, 315
Cam, for millwrights, 201
Cambodia, 342
Cambridge University, 212
Cambyses II (Persia), 42
Campaigns of Alexander, The(Arrian), 78
Campania, 95
Canaan: city-states in, 28; Egypt and, 20, 21,
24; Hebrews and, 30
Canaanitic language, 10 (tab.)
Canada, France and, 347
Cane sugar.SeeSugar and sugar industry
Cannae, battle at, 103
Cannons, 258, 270
Canon 68 (Fourth Lateran Council), 239,
240
Canterbury, archbishop of, 223–24
Canterbury Tales, The(Chaucer), 267
Canton, China, 345
Cantons, in Switzerland, 310 (map)
Cape of Good Hope, 329, 333
Capet, Hugh, 224
Capetian dynasty, 224, 256
Capitalism, commercial, 207, 352–53
Capua,101, 129
Caracalla (Rome), 125, 137
Caraffa, Gian Pietro, 318, 319
Caral, Peru, 6–7, 7 (map)
Caravan trade, 166, 167, 193, 251
Carcassonne, 238
Cardinals (church), 233, 264–65, 318Caribbean region, 333, 337, 346, 346 (map)
Carinthia, 367
Carniola, in Austrian Empire, 367
Carolingian Empire, 174–83, 177 (map), 181
(map)
Carolingian Renaissance, 178
Carruca (plow), 200–201
Cartesian dualism, 398
Carthage, 34, 102–3, 104
Caspian Sea, 231
Cassiodorus, 162, 178
Castiglione, Baldassare, 277
Castile, 227
Castles, 202–3, 207
Catacombs, 139
Çatal Hu ̈yu ̈k, 4–5
Catalonia, 362
Catharism, 238
Cathedrals: Gothic,217,217–18, 218 ;
schools in, 212
Catherine of Aragon (England), 312, 313
Catherine of Siena, 264
Catholic, use of term, 149
Catholic Church: by 1560, 316 (map); Arians
and, 154; in Asia, 342, 345, 348–49, 351;
Charlemagne and, 176; in China, 348–49;
in colonies, 348–49, 351; decline of,
262–65; Eastern Orthodoxy and, 241; in
England, 160, 223–24, 312–13, 374, 376;
Erasmus and, 302–3; exploration and,
329; Galileo and, 390–91; in Germany,
228; Great Schism in, 264–65; Habsburgs
and, 308; in High Middle Ages, 221–22,
232–39; in Hungary, 295; Indian
conversions by, 337; intolerance by,
238–39; in Japan, 345, 349, 351; Luther
and, 304–5; in medieval villages, 202;
Reformation and, 303–4; reforms of,
232–33; in Renaissance, 296–98; Slavs
and, 190 (map); in Spain, 293, 320–21; in
Switzerland, 310.See alsoCatholic
Reformation; Christianity; Councils
(Christian); Missions and missionaries;
Monks and monasteries; Papacy; Pope;
Protestant Reformation
Catholic Reformation, 315–19, 378
Cato the Elder, 103, 107, 108
Cattle, in Americas, 348
Catullus, 109, 111
Cavalry: English, 256; French, 256
Cavendish, Margaret, 395, 396
Cave paintings, Paleolithic, 4
Celibacy, 160, 308
Celsus (Rome), 140
Celtic languages, 29 (tab.)
Celts (Gauls): Britons as, 154; Hellenistic
world and, 81–82
Central Africa: slave trade in, 339.See also
Africa
Central America: colonization of, 348;
Mayan civilization in, 334.See alsoLatin
America
Central Asia, 250, 251, 344; civilization in, 6,
7 (map).See alsoAsia
Central Europe, 230; absolutism in, 366–68;
Calvinism in, 314; Jews in, 239;
population of, 199 (tab.)Index 415Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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