movement and, 232; decline of, 232;
medieval, 221 ; missions of, 157–60; relics
and, 237–38; social services and, 235–37
Monogamy, 179; in Egypt, 23
Monotheism, 32
Montefeltro family (Urbino), 280
Montpellier, 250
Monumental architecture, 6
Morality, in Jewish tradition, 32
Moravia, 312
Mortality.SeeDeath rates
Moscow, 231, 368
Moses, 30, 32, 167
Moses ben Maimon.SeeMaimonides, Moses
Mosques: in Co ́rdoba, 194; Hagia Sophia as,
164
Mother, The(de Hooch), 373, 373
Mothers, 278.See alsoFamilies; Women
Motion, 387, 388, 389, 391, 393
Movable type, 286
Movement: by humans, 2, 3 (map).See also
Migration
Muawiya, as caliph, 168
Mughal Empire, 342, 342 (map)
Muhammad, 167–68
Mu ̈hlberg, Battle of, 308
Mulattoes, 348
Multiracial society, in Latin America, 348
Multiregional theory, of human origins, 2
Mumbai (Bombay), 330
Mummification, in Egypt, 19
Murad (Ottoman Turks), 296
Murder: punishment of, 209.See alsoCrime
Museums, in Alexandria, 85
Music: of Hildegard of Bingen, 236.See also
Culture(s)
Muslims: Byzantine Empire and, 168;
cleanliness and, 192; communities of,
167; Crusades and, 241, 243, 245–46; in
India, 342; invasions by, 181; medieval
thought and, 214; politics of, 167; in
Spain, 227, 293, 294; trade and, 250.
See alsoCrusades; Islam
Myanmar.SeeBurma (Myanmar)
Mycenae and Mycenaean Greeks, 51, 51
(map); Hittites and, 29; Homer’s epics
and, 52
Mystery religions, 90, 138–39, 142
Mysticism, 304, 316
Nagasaki, 345
Naples: kingdom of, 261, 279–80;
population of, 209
Narva, Battle of, 369
Naseby, battle at, 375
Native Americans.SeeIndians
Native peoples: Christianization of, 348.
See alsoIndians (Native Americans)
Natural law, in Rome, 109, 127
Natural philosophers, 386
Natural rights, 127
Navarre, 227, 320
Navigational aids, 387; astrolabe, 195, 329;
compass, 329
Navy: Athenian, 59, 60, 62; Russian, 369.
See alsoArmada (Spain); Military; Ships
and shippingNeanderthals, 2
Near East: ancient civilizations in, 1–24, 8
(map); empires in, 28; Hellenistic culture
in, 83; peoples and empires in, 27–45.
See alsoMiddle East
Nebamun (Egyptian nobleman), 22, 22
Nebuchadnezzar II (Chaldean), 40
Neo-Babylonian Empire, 36 (map), 40, 43,
45
Neolithic Revolution, 4–6, 28; megaliths and,
28
Neoplatonism, 283–84, 289–90
Nepotism, 297
Nero (Rome), 124, 134, 142
Nerva (Rome), 125
Netherlands: Anabaptists in, 312; Calvinism
in, 314, 321; in Carolingian Empire, 181;
sciences and, 391; Spain and, 320–21,
321 (map), 366.See alsoAustrian
Netherlands; Dutch; Dutch Republic; Low
Countries; Spanish Netherlands
New Cicero, The(Bruni), 283
New Comedy, Hellenistic, 87, 109
New England, exploration of, 333
Newfoundland, 183
New France.See alsoCanada
New Kingdom: Egyptian, 16, 20, 21, 23;
Hittite, 29
New man (Rome), 113
New Model Army (England), 374
New monarchies, in Renaissance, 292–96
New Netherland, 346–47
‘‘New Rome,’’ Byzantium as, 149
New Spain, 337
New Stone Age.SeeNeolithic Revolution
New Testament, 142, 161, 305.See alsoBible
Newton, Isaac, 387, 391, 393, 399
New World: European diseases in, 335, 336,
337 ; exploration of, 331, 333–37;
Portugal and, 328; Spain and, 320, 331,
333–37; voyages to,327,328, 331,
333–37; women in, 351.See also
America(s)
New York, 347
Nicaea, Council of, 150
Nicene Creed, 188
Nicholas (saint), 237
Nicholas of Cologne, 245
Night Watch, The(Rembrandt), 380
Nile River region, 6, 14–16, 17 (map).
See alsoEgypt (ancient)
Nimrud, 38
Nin ̃a(ship), 333
Ninety-Five Theses(Luther), 305, 306
Nineveh,31,37, 37 ; capture by Medes, 40;
library at, 38
Ninhursaga (goddess), 12
Nobiles(Rome), 112
Nobility: in 14th century, 254, 255, 260;
Assyrian, 36–37; in Athens, 58, 60;
Carolingian, 176; in Egypt, 18; in France,
292, 363–64; Frankish, 176; German,
232; in High Middle Ages, 202–4, 222;
marriage in, 203, 205; papacy and,
232–33; in Prussia, 367; in Renaissance,
277; in Rome, 112, 147; in Russia, 368; in
Scandinavia, 229–30; in Spain, 366Nogarola, Isotta, 285
Nomads, 150, 166, 230; Hebrews as, 30;
Paleolithic, 3; Persians as, 40.See also
Migration
Nomes (provinces) and nomarchs, in Egypt,
17
Normandy, 183, 224, 256, 258
Normans, 222–23,223, 241
Norsemen.SeeVikings
North Africa: Carthage and, 34, 102; Islamic
dynasty in, 194; Roman colonies in, 103,
115
North America: British in, 347, 351; Dutch
in, 346–47; French in, 347, 351; Spain
and, 351; Vikings in, 183
Northern Europe: artistic Renaissance in,
290–91; Jews in, 239; kingdoms in,
229–30, 230 (map); sciences in, 391;
universities in, 212
Northern Renaissance humanism, 302–3
Northmen, Vikings as, 181–83
Northumbria, 160, 178
Norway: kingdom of, 229–30.See also
Scandinavia
Notre-Dame Cathedral (Paris): architecture
of, 217, 217 ; school at, 212; Virgin Mary
and, 237
Novgorod, 183, 191
Nubia, Egypt and, 18, 20, 21
Nuclear family, 179
Number system, Sumerian, 14
Nuns, 158, 160, 234, 235–37,237,348.
See alsoConvents
Nuremberg, 261
Nutrition, 351
Nystadt, Peace of, 369
Observations upon Experimental Philosophy...
(Cavendish), 395
Observatories, 399–400
Obsidian, 5
Octavian.SeeAugustus (Octavian, Rome)
Odoacer, 150, 152
Odyssey(Homer), 52, 53–54
Oeconomicus(Xenophon), 69
Oedipus the King(Sophocles), 63
Old Babylonians.SeeAmorites; Babylon and
Babylonia
Old Kingdom (Egypt), 16–17, 17 (map), 18,
20
Old Stone Age.SeePaleolithic Age
Old Testament.SeeBible; Hebrew Bible
Oleg (Rus), 191
Oligarchy: in Athens, 58; in Florence, 279; in
Greece, 56, 62; in Rome, 112; in Venice,
262
Olivares (Count), 366
Olympia, 49, 67
Olympic Games, 49; Macedonia and, 74;
origins of, 67
‘‘On Chastity’’ (Phintys), 85
On Marriage,by merchant of Paris, 205
On the Fabric of the Human Body(Vesalius),
394
On the Family(Alberti), 278
On the Freedom of a Christian Man(Luther),
305Index 425Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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