348 · Index
People of the Book, 136, 157, 170n2, 243
People to people peace building,
296–97
Peter I, 60
Pichotto, Joseph, 246, 248
Pilgrimages: Libyan Jews, 192, 313;
Libyan Muslims, 192, 313. See also
Mecca; Al-Quds
Plato, 260–61
PLO. See Palestinian Liberation
Organization
Pluralism, 19–20
Politics: Libyan ideology and position,
306–22; Libyan Jews, 184–89; Yemen,
125–26
Pollack, Nathan, 233
Poll tax. See Jizya
Popular Revolution, of Al-Qadhafi, 309
Prejudice: Australia Jews against Aus-
tralia Muslims, 111; Australia Mus-
lims against Australia Jews, 107–10;
against Bukharan Jews, 211
Priest. See Abona
Promised Land, 228, 245
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 108, 109
Al-Qadhafi, Mu ̔ammar, 10, 191; iron
fist domination, 306; Isratin state for-
mula, 316–18, 322; Jewish state and,
308–10, 312–16; Popular Revolution,
309; shakeup from, 307; Soviet Union
and, 311–12; two arms of evil, 308,
324n3; 2011 rebellion against, 323;
Zionism attacked by, 13–14, 310–11
Al-Qaida, 317
Qatar, 315
Qattawi, Moshe, 246
Qattawi, Reyné, 246
Quaid, ̔Ali, 132
Al-Quds, 161, 313–14
Quota system. See Seleqṣeqa
Quran, 314; spirit of, 243; tolerant ap-
proach, 241
Rabbinic legend, 280
Racism, 77; German Jews and, 89;
September 11, 2001 fallout, 80–84. See
also Italian racism
“Radio of Vengeance and Sacred Hate,”
311
Rahn, 149–50
Ramadan, 87, 292
Ramadan, Huwayda ̔Abd al- ̔Aẓim, 227
Al-Rashid, Harun, 243
Ratnik, 65
Rayya, Shaḥata, 237
Reconciliation: diplomatic, 322; inter-
group, 294; Muslim with Israel, 321;
quest for, 295
Red Crescent Society, 32, 41, 44
Red Fezes, 176, 178, 186
Reform Jews, 238
Relationship building, 295
Religion, 43; conflict management and,
289; coreligionists, 6, 31, 52; discrimi-
nation, 56, 241; German Jews educa-
tion, 86; German Turks education, 86;
identity and, 289, 296; Libyan Jews,
187, 192, 193; Libyan Muslims practice,
192; Middle East divisions, 297; Muslim
attitudes toward, 130–33; Ottomanism
and, 19; Russia polices, 203; students,
291; Yemeni Muslims, 130–33. See also
Christians; Interreligious dialogue;
Islam; Judaism
Religious freedom, 207
Republic (Plato), 260–61
Research: Egyptian historiography
motivation, 228–30; Israeli-Palestinian
conflict results and processes, 290–91;
Society for Israeli-Egyptian Research,
239
Revolutionary Committees, 319–20
“The Ring,” 281
Riots: against Libyan Jews, 178–80, 182;
against Morocco Jews, 163, 167
Ritualized violence, 34–36, 48n29
Roche, Jack, 107
Rodna Zashtita, 65
Roman Empire, 233
Romania, 6; anti-Jewish laws, 62; anti-
Semitism, 62–63; Balkan Jews, 62–64;
Balkan Muslims, 62–64; non-Muslims,
63
Ronen, Yehudit, 13, 306–22
Rosh, Leah, 82