feminism, 2, 3, 4, 22, 38
fertility, 21, 26, 30, 38–43, 97, 146, 218n.63,
230n.145; and witchcraft, 47–48. See also
infertility
First Crusade, 160, 179–80, 183
Fishman, Talya, 27
Florence, 121
food, 48, 102, 117–18, 176; baked goods, 97;
for wet nurses, 133, 138–39; nonkosher,
137–38, 227n.100, 229n.131, its prepara-
tion on Sabbath, 159
foundlings, 172–74
France, 59, 91, 100, 139, 150, 228n.125. See
also northern France
Frankfurt, 113
Frau Holle, 97–100, 107; and Virgin Mary,
216n.26
Frau Rose, 97
Freyja, 97
Frieda, 150
Galenus, 28, 45, 223n.35
Garden of Eden, 64
Geonim, 35, 55–56, 57, 65, 77
gender, 110, 112, 116, 122, 156, 172; gender
studies, 3–4, 11, 14, 18, 188, 195n.53
Germanic traditions, 97
Germany, 5–6, 17, 27, 45, 58, 65, 70, 98,
100, 105, 107, 109, 129–30, 135, 138, 142,
143, 152, 229n.125
Gershom b. Jacob haGozer (the circumciser),
46, 48, 51, 54
Gershom b. Judah (Light of the Exile), 33–
34, 37, 201n.57
ghettos, 8, 194n.51
Gibson, Gail McMurray, 54, 107–8
gifts, 131–32
Glückel of Hamel, 104
godparents, 71–72. See also co-parents
Goitein, Shlomo Dov, 13, 198n.96
Goldin, Simh.a, 14, 228n.119
Gratian, 26
gravestones, 17, 44, 235n.76
Green, Monica, 201n.59, 204n.121
Gregory IX (pope), 160–61
Gregory the Great (pope), 108
Griselda, 178
Grossman, Avraham, 12, 197n.82, 202n.78,
210n.59
guardianship, 162–63
Güdemann, Moritz (Moshe), 10, 97
Hamburger Shlomo, 104, 216n.16, 217n.43,
218n.49
Hanawalt, Barbara, 2
Hannah, 203n.96, 215n.7
Hannah (sister of Jacob b. Meir), 233n.31
Hanuka, 176
H.asidei Ashkenaz, 17, 27, 42, 159, 160, 163, 168
H.ayim haCohen b. H.ananel, 226n.87
h.azan, 102, 109
Héloise, 1
Henricus Segusius, 138
Herlihy, David, 120–21, 139
High Holidays, 166
Hildegard of Bingen, 46, 48
Hoffman, Lawrence, 55–56, 197n.80
Holda, 97. See alsoFrau Holle
holidays, 176
Hollekreisch, 92, 93–100, 110, 113, 115
Horowitz, Elliot, 9
H.oshen, Dalia, 26–27Iceland, 120
impotence, 31, 32, 34–36, 202n.78
impurity: after birth, 78, 111–12, 115; and
menstruation, 123, 223n.41
incest, 58, 81–82, 84, 126
infanticide, 123, 125, 152, 165, 169–70, 174–
78, 236n.91
infants: born out of wedlock, 129; welfare of,
151–52, 164. See also childcare
infertility, 21, 23–24, 28, 30–32; as grounds
for divorce, 32–38
Innocent III (pope), 138, 172
Isaac (the Patriarch), 23, 93; circumcision of,
72–73; sacrifice of, 178, 180
Isaac b. Avraham (Riz.ba), 35–36
Isaac b. David, 182
Isaac b. Moses, 50, 69, 77, 80, 133, 135,
137–38, 142, 150, 151. See also Sefer Or
Zaru’a
Isaac of Dampierre (Rhi haZaken), 50, 140,
159–60, 228n.112
Isaac of Rouen, 150
Islam, 7, 11, 12, 125, 136, 231n.177
Israel b. Shalom Shakhna, 96
Italy, 6, 13, 58, 68–69, 105, 133, 224n.55,
225n.77
Ivo of Chartres, 26Jacob (the Patriarch), 24, 42, 93
Jacob H.azan of London, 142, 173, 231n.164