The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the 13th and 14th Centuries

90 chapter three with a letter addressed to Berke Khan, urging him as a good muslim to take up holy war against his kinsmen in p ...

the disintegration of the empire 91 schematically—what each party to the convergence of interests assem- bled in 1263 contribute ...

92 chapter three in their clashes with the ilkhanids, while the mamluk soldiers, all of them “recruited” from the cuman steppe, ...

the disintegration of the empire 93 Byzantium policy.142 the khan was also geographically better placed than the sultan to help ...

94 chapter three the second advantage that the genoese could offer was their pre- eminent position in the straits and the Black ...

the disintegration of the empire 95 the sarai-constantinople-cairo axis and played a key role in maintaining it,151 with a singl ...

96 chapter three these conflicts, based on trade considerations and aiming at commer- cial victory conditions, to a great extent ...

the disintegration of the empire 97 When the seljuk sultan became an ilkhanid vassal, this brought hülegü control of the asia mi ...

98 chapter three between the two neighboring ulus, or whether—as in so many similar situations—the changing needs of commerce pr ...

the disintegration of the empire 99 although reports on the crossing of the cuman steppe are rare, or rather they are unevenly s ...

100 chapter three friar learnt that they had come from constantinople, but he did not know where they were headed next.170 rubru ...

the disintegration of the empire 101 them in the horde, the warm welcome accorded them, and not least the prices he paid for the ...

102 chapter three supported by the idea that fundamental features of eurasian trade are hardly likely to have changed much in th ...

the disintegration of the empire 103 south-West coast. polo also recorded that they sailed in their own ships and transported th ...

104 chapter three trade was therefore interrupted, and the sources once more fall silent,186 until 1313, when Özbek Khan restore ...

the disintegration of the empire 105 explanations for travellers of the time. even today, this advice illuminates the structure ...

106 chapter three sommo of silver in the province of Gattaio. and from Cassai to Gamalecco,202 which is the capital city of the ...

the disintegration of the empire 107 until the other lord be proclaimed who is to reign in room of him who is deceased. [.. .] Y ...

108 chapter three and you may reckon that you can buy for one sommo of silver nineteen or twenty pounds of cathay silk, when red ...

the disintegration of the empire 109 every turn, and the less visible but no less effective set of very severe laws, inflexibly ...