The Roman Empire. Economy, Society and Culture
82 THE ROMAN EMPIRE actions ( Digest 14.3.5.7, Labeo) and devising an action against a person who authorized a representative to ...
AN UNDERDEVELOPED ECONOMY 83 forced on farmers, insofar as they had to provide the army with supplies, or alternatively, in area ...
84 THE ROMAN EMPIRE Pliny associates with Gaul three innovations: a wheeled plough, an ‘improved’ Gallic scythe for haymaking an ...
AN UNDERDEVELOPED ECONOMY 85 development of popular wines, particularly in Campania and the north Adriatic region from Veneto to ...
86 THE ROMAN EMPIRE Again, the edict of Domitian (or rather edicts, since a late author alludes to a second edict which prohibit ...
AN UNDERDEVELOPED ECONOMY 87 juridical and epigraphic sources – now arguments drawn from archaeology are employed. One argument ...
88 THE ROMAN EMPIRE other outlets when that trade petered out. Rome, hardly neglected by Italian wine producers in the late Repu ...
AN UNDERDEVELOPED ECONOMY 89 of views has narrowed with the accumulation of archaeological studies and the application of modern ...
90 THE ROMAN EMPIRE it promoted growth: see especially Frier and Kehoe (2007), Lo Cascio (2007), and Kehoe (1997). Hopkins (1995 ...
The younger Pliny, a Roman senator originally from Como in north Italy, wrote to a friend that his investments were almost entir ...
92 THE ROMAN EMPIRE 2 Middle- ranking senators and equestrians of municipal background had, on top of their local estates, one o ...
THE LAND 93 The wealth of Pliny and his circle, and of the average provincial senator, was relatively modest, and the geographic ...
94 THE ROMAN EMPIRE property, become latifondisti several times over. It is hardly surprising, then, that modern accounts do not ...
THE LAND 95 early modern period, with its millions of sheep, drove- trails ( tratturi ) of up to 111 metres in width, handsome r ...
96 THE ROMAN EMPIRE ( saltus ) worth 350,000. The only single substantial properties owned by Coelius Verus and Mommeius Persicu ...
THE LAND 97 way: he has 14 properties of aggregate value 233,080 sesterces but no single one is worth more than 35,000. The bulk ...
98 THE ROMAN EMPIRE permanent labour force and management, and temporary labour, free or slave, was brought in at times of peak ...
THE LAND 99 It has been proposed that there was a crisis in agricultural (and industrial) slavery at some point in the second ce ...
100 THE ROMAN EMPIRE Tiberinum ( Ep. 3.19). Pliny displays some proto- economic thinking. He is aware of the vulnerability of a ...
THE LAND 101 management and labour, and without the benefi t of a conceptual apparatus that was created by the agricultural revo ...
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