Scientific American - November 2018

November 2018, ScientificAmerican.com 37 FROM “SINGLE CELL ACTIVITY REVEALS DIRECT ELECTRON TRANSFER IN METHANOTROPHIC CONSORTIA ...

Ancestral cyanobacteria Synechococcus Genome Pelagibacter Carbon Shallow Relative Abundance High Deep Low Nutrients Genome Proch ...

November 2018, ScientificAmerican.com 39 concentrations of those nutrients ever lower, dictating the terms on which all other or ...

ASTRONOMY BAC K ...

Illustration by Ron Miller Astronomers have found some of the most distant galaxies in the universe, opening a window on a previ ...

42 Scientific American, November 2018 These objects are fascinating because they provide a view into a sliver of our history tha ...

November 2018, ScientificAmerican.com 43 sults from RELICS, we will take another step toward answering these questions. COSMIC M ...

44 Scientific American, November 2018 Distant galaxy (actual position) Apparent galaxy position Distorted light from the distant ...

November 2018, ScientificAmerican.com 45 found that many massive clusters had never been observed by Hubble at near-infrared wav ...

46 Scientific American, November 2018 Illustration by Nigel Hawtin wavelengths. In fact, we originally discovered three candidat ...

November 2018, ScientificAmerican.com 47 We also have an accepted observing program with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALM ...

48 Scientific American, November 2018 ...

November 2018, ScientificAmerican.com 49 GERRYMANDERING Illustration by Hanna Barczyk MATHEMATICIANS ARE DEVELOPING FORENSICS TO ...

50 Scientific American, November 2018 GERRYMANDERING IS CLAWING ACRSS courtrooms and headlines nationwide. The U.S. Supreme Cou ...

Illustrations by Jen Christiansen November 2018, ScientificAmerican.com 51 vania’s supreme court. Yet mathematical analysis re- ...

52 Scientific American, November 2018 where you are now (at every position, you roll the dice to choose a neighboring space to m ...

November 2018, ScientificAmerican.com 53 SOURCE: ZACHARY I. SCHUTZMAN AND FLOOR VAN DE VELDE MCMC approaches for the federal cas ...

54 Scientific American, November 2018 INSIDE A RIGGED ECONOMY Economic inequality is higher in the U.S. than in virtually all ot ...

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56 Scientific American, November 2018 ...