phytoplankton 82, 85
pianos 332
Picasso, Pablo 321, 323, 324
pictograms 369
Pilgrims 227, 409
pinball machines 184–85
pines 91, 248
Pioneer probes 22
pistons 196, 198
pitch (music) 331
pituitary gland 147
Pizarro, Francisco 405
placenta 120, 148
Planck, Max 159
planets 14 , 16, 18–21, 22, 24, 29
plankton 109
plantations 413
plants 84, 88–89, 95
cells 73
flowering 71, 72, 92–93, 254, 256
life cycle 71
non-flowering 90–91
photosynthesis 89
transpiration 89
trees 88, 91 , 94–95
plaque 143
plasma 73, 134, 137, 156, 173
plasma globe 182
Plato 292, 377
platypus 123, 274
plots 341
Pluto 14, 21
pneumonia 151
poetry 340, 343 , 348, 379, 427
Poland 247, 254, 255, 399
history 410, 421, 432, 433
polar bears 84, 121, 277
polar climates 63
polar habitats 84
Polaris 13
polarisation 178
poles, magnetic 183
Poliakov, Valeri 30
police 310, 311
political world 216–17
politics 306–7, 309, 310, 428, 431
pollination 72, 91, 93
pollution 65 , 200, 228, 231, 257, 266
Polo, Marco 401
Polperro, Cornwall 59
polymers 175
Polynesia 272, 273, 396
polyps 103
polythene 171
Popes 385, 389, 404, 437
popular music 334
population 64, 218–19, 268, 300
porcelain 327, 393 , 401
Portugal 246, 252, 253
potassium permanganate 172
pottery 327, 367 , 374, 377, 380
poverty 150, 309, 316
Africa 242, 243, 245
Asia 266, 267
Central America 231
South America 236, 237, 304
power stations 187 , 199
Poznan, Poland 255
Prague, Czech Republic 255, 406
prairies 222, 408
prayer wheels 289
precipitation 52–53
predators 81, 115, 118, 119, 120
prehistory:
farming 364–65
flint-knapping 363 , 365
life 74–75, 77 , 78–79
megaliths and chamber tombs 366
metalworkers 174, 367
modern humans 362
pottery 367
Presley, Elvis 334
press 298, 299
Priestley, Joseph 411
primates 122
Prime Meridian 220, 221
printing 339, 437
prisms 180
probes 18, 19, 20, 22, 29
production 303
production lines 205
prominences 15
Promised Land 373
proteins 133, 134, 145, 149, 150
protists 85
protons 157, 160, 161, 182
protozoa 71, 85
Proxima Centauri 10
pterosaurs 79
puberty 149
pueblos 380
Puerto Rico 223, 231, 401
puffballs 86
pufferfish 97
pulleys 197
pumas 101
pupils (eyes) 140
pyramids 282, 371
Pyrenees mountains 214Q
Qi 285
quality control 205
quantum theory 158 , 159
quarks 156, 157
quasars 27
Quechua Indians 235
querns 365
Quetzalcoatl 282, 404
Qur’an (Koran) 290, 407R
Ra 282
raccoons 82
race 305 , 307
radar 158, 193, 433
radiation 159, 168
nuclear 61, 157, 433
in space 25, 26, 29
ultraviolet 49
uses 151, 167
radio 188, 192 , 193, 299, 351
radio telescopes 12, 22, 229
radio waves 193
radioactivity 167
radiotherapy 151
radius 129, 130
railways 198, 201, 263, 418, 419, 437
rain 51, 52 , 215, 232
rainbows 52, 180
rainforests 63, 67, 83, 94, 95, 124, 235
Raleigh, Sir Walter 409
Raphael 292, 321, 399
rapids 56
Rattle, Sir Simon 335
rattlesnakes 98, 116
raw materials 204
record players 351
rectum 144
Red Cross 313, 317
Red Guards 429
Redouté, Pierre-Joseph 321
Redshirts 421
referendum 307
reflection 179
reflector telescopes 11, 29, 411
reflex actions 138
Reformation 399 , 404
refraction 179 , 181
refractor telescopes 11
refugees 219, 242, 243, 250, 265, 313, 317, 435
regeneration 117Reichstag, Berlin 328
reindeer 87, 119, 249, 263, 277
relativity 158
religion 280–81, 296
afterlife 282
ancient religions 282 , 380, 381, 382, 388, 403
Confucianism 280, 281, 285
Creation 281 , 287
Daoism 281, 285
God 280 , 287, 288
local religions 280, 283 , 417
Shinto 281, 282, 284
Sikhism 291
Zoroastrianism 281, 284
see also Buddhism; Christianity; Hinduism;
Islam; Judaism and Jews
remote controls 351
Renaissance 398–99
reproduction:
animals 101 , 106, 115, 117, 121
human 148–49, 211
reptiles 79, 102, 116–17, 121
resistors 188
resonance 176
respiration 136–37
resurrection 288
retina 140, 141
Rezradeh, Hossein 357
rhinoceroses 125, 242, 245
rhyme 343
rhythm 330 , 343
ribs 130, 137
rice 66, 269, 270
Ring of Fire 43, 271
rituals 283 , 284, 287, 295, 296, 367, 380
rivers 56–57, 220, 266
Amazon 214, 233, 236
Danube 257
Ganges 266, 280
Indus 368
Mississippi 57, 223, 227, 409
Niger 242
Nile 239, 241, 370
Rhine 255
Yangtze 260
Zaire 243
road building 202, 308
road safety 166, 201
Robespierre, Maximilien de 415, 416
robots 194 , 195, 346, 350
Rochambeau, Comte de 414
Rochester Castle, England 390
Rock, The 347
rock climbing 353
rockets 10, 28 , 30, 227, 235, 263
rocks 38, 46–47, 55, 167
Rocky Mountains 222, 225
rodents 84, 120, 122
rodeos 229
rods and cones 141
rollercoasters 163
Romania 247, 257, 280
Romanovs 410
root canals 143
Rosetta stone 369
Rosh Hashanah 287
Rotterdam, Netherlands 254, 255
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 292, 293, 416
Rowling, J K 348
Roy, Arundhati 348
rubber 67
rubies 47
rugby 244, 353
Russian Federation 216, 247, 258, 259, 260–61,
262–63, 288, 308, 314
Russian revolutions 428
rust 17 1
Rwanda 239, 242S
Sabbath 287
sadhus 286
Sahara Desert 215, 238, 240, 394
salamanders 114, 117
saliva 142, 144, 145
salt marshes 59
salt mining 234
salts 162, 174
Samarkand, Uzbekistan 262
Sami people 249
samurai 392
San Andreas fault 43, 228
San Francisco, USA 50, 228
Santiago, Chile 237
Santorini, Greece 246
São Paulo, Brazil 218, 232
Sapporo Dome, Hokkaido 328
satellites 10, 28 , 31, 38, 315
communications 192
photography 187, 220, 361
weather 50
satire 345
satraps 375
Saturn 14, 20 , 29
Saturn V rocket 30
Saudi Arabia 260, 264, 265, 290, 317
savannah 83
Saxons 384
saxophones 331
Scandinavia 248–49, 388
scarabs 370
scavengers 98, 109
Schumacher, Michael 352
Schwarzenegger, Arnold 347
science 154
biology 72–73
chemistry 161, 162 , 172–73, 411
discoveries 411
mathematics 155 , 379
measurements 155 , 164, 165, 176
physics 163
science fiction 341, 346
Scientific Revolution 411
scorpions 77, 84, 107, 108
Scotland 250, 251, 366, 419, 436, 437
scrotum 148
sculpture 323 , 324
sea anemones 101, 103
sea cucumbers 104
sea stacks 59
sea urchins 102, 104
SEAgel 175
seamounts 41
search engines 191
seasons 16, 37
seawater 40, 172
seaweed 87
security 200, 314, 315
sediment 56, 57
seeds 93
seismology 43
semi-circular canals 141
semiconductors 188
Sendak, Maurice 340
senses:
animals 99 , 110
human 140–41, 142, 143
Seoul, South Korea 218, 269
SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) 22
Seven Samurai 347
sex 148
shading 322
shadows 178
Shakespeare, William 251, 340, 341, 344, 345, 348
shamans 283
Shanghai, China 269, 308, 314
Shankar, Ravi 331
sharks 40–41, 98, 99, 102, 112, 113
sheep 84, 211, 251, 275, 365
shells 106
Sherpa people 266Index^443