5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2019
200 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High is a constant, independent of reactant concentration, and can be shown ...
Kinetics ❮ 201 Reaction Mechanisms In the introduction to this chapter, we discussed how chemical reactions occurred. Recall tha ...
202 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High Catalysts A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of reactio ...
Kinetics ❮ 203 The experimenter must then determine the concentration of one or more substances later, or record some measurable ...
204 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High ❯ Review Questions Use these questions to review the content of this c ...
Kinetics ❮ 205 The energy difference between the reactants and the transition state is: (A) the free energy (B) the heat of rea ...
206 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High The rate law for the following reaction is Rate = k[H 2 ] [I 2 ]. The ...
Kinetics ❮ 207 ❯ Answers and Explanations C—The exponent 2 means this is a second- order rate law. Second-order rate laws give ...
208 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High B—The higher I 2 concentration will increase the value of the rate an ...
Kinetics ❮ 209 ❯ Answer and Explanation (a) i. This part of the problem begins with a generic rate equation: Rate = k[ClO 2 ]m ...
210 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High For steps 2 and 3, it is necessary to replace the intermediates with r ...
Kinetics ❮ 211 ● (^) The half-life can be related to concentration and time by these two equations (first and second order, resp ...
Equilibrium IN THIS CHAPTER Summary: We’ve been discussing chemical reactions for several chapters. In the Kinetics chapter you ...
Equilibrium ❮ 213 KEY IDEA It is important to remember that at equilibrium the concentrations of the chemical species are consta ...
214 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High Equilibrium Expressions The reactant quotient can be written at any po ...
Equilibrium ❮ 215 Le Châtelier’s Principle At a given temperature, a reaction will reach equilibrium with the production of a ce ...
216 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High Note that there are 4 mol of gas (1 of nitrogen and 3 of hydrogen) on ...
Equilibrium ❮ 217 acids and bases may be strong or weak. Strong acids completely dissociate in water; weak acids only partially ...
218 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High ACID STRENGTH BASE STRENGTH ACID HCl H 2 SO 4 HNO 3 H 3 O+ HSO 4 − H 2 ...
Equilibrium ❮ 219 is formed, an HA must have dissociated. However, many times if Ka is small, you can approximate the equilibriu ...
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