Gardners Art through the Ages A Global History

W hen the Inka first encountered the Spanish conquistadors, they were puzzled by the Europeans’ fixation on gold and silver. The ...

plants. Feline, bird, and serpent motifs appear on many of the textiles, but the human figure, real or mythological, predominate ...

removing the dark top layer of stones to expose the light clay and calcite below. The Nasca created the lines quite easily from ...

wears a necklace of owl-head beads. The figure’s bladelike crescent- shaped helmet is a replica of the large golden one buried w ...

between the two textile styles ends there. Whereas Paracas artists embroidered motifs onto the plain woven surface, Wari artists ...

North America In many parts of the United States and Canada, archaeologists have identified indigenous cultures that date back a ...

ADENAThe Adena culture of Ohio is documented at about 500 sites in the Central Woodlands. An Adena pipe (FIG. 14-28) in the shap ...

S erpent Mound (FIG. 14-29) is one of the largest and best known of the Woodlands effigy mounds, but it is the subject of con- s ...

bowl illustrated here (FIG. 14-31) dates to about 1250 and features an animated graphic rendering of two black cranes on a white ...

MESOAMERICA ❚The Olmec (ca. 1200–400 BCE) is often called the “mother culture” of Mesoamerica. At La Venta and elsewhere, the Ol ...

15-1Detail of the eastern facade of the Great Mosque (FIG. 15-8), Djenne, Mali, begun 13th century, rebuilt 1906–1907. Africa is ...

A frica (MAP15-1) is a vast continent of 52 nations comprising more than one-fifth of the world’s land mass and many distinct to ...

Prehistory and Early Cultures Thousands of rock engravings and paintings found at hundreds of sites across the continent constit ...

Although the precise meaning of most African rock art also re- mains uncertain, a considerable literature exists that describes, ...

RAFIN KURA HEAD A representative Nok terracotta head (FIG. 15-3), found at Rafin Kura, is a fragment of what was origi- nally a ...

FIG. 4-12). In the absence of contemporaneous written documents, scholars can only guess at the use and meaning of a head like t ...

that documented much earlier in the Mediterranean and Near East (see “Hollow-Casting,” Chapter 5, page 122). The sculpture’s upp ...

11th to 18th Centuries 399 *From this point on, all dates in this chapter are CEunless otherwise stated. 15-7Archer, from Djenne ...

GREAT MOSQUE, DJENNEDjenne is also the site of one of the most ambitious examples of adobe architecture in the world, the city’s ...

Great Zimbabwe Many of the earliest artworks found in Africa come from the south- ern part of the continent (for example,FIG. 1- ...