The Renaissance
the eighteenth century and is now the na- tional scientific institute of Italy. The Re- naissance academy also has survived in F ...
Romae, a guide to the ancient ruins of Rome. InDe Componendis Cifrishe ex- plores cryptography; in I Libri della Famigliahe inst ...
alchemy and alchemists declined. Some monarchs and church officials banned their work, and alchemists were subject to arrest and ...
elected as Pope Calixtus III in 1455, Rod- rigo adopted the family name of Borgia and was appointed as a bishop. Under his uncle ...
men were strangled. In August 1503, Alex- ander and Cesare suffered some form of mysterious poisoning at a Vatican banquet. Alth ...
which the Florentine Guelphs soundly de- feated their rivals in the Ghibelline fac- tion. Dante was a devoted student of the anc ...
Il Convivio,orThe Banquet,wasasecond collection of poems and commentaries. The Divine Comedy, which Dante began about 1306 and o ...
rival of an unmarried girl as the nominal head of Brittany set off a diplomatic crisis between Brittany and France. To head off ...
throughout Europe as the taste for the classical ideal spread. By the time of the High Renaissance, appearance in the an- cient ...
ary. The largest example of urban renewal was the city of Rome itself, where the dark and chaotic medieval neighborhoods were cl ...
was immediately released by a band of criminals after being kidnapped. Known throughout Italy, Ariosto’s poem found an even larg ...
For the first time, many of Aristotle’s works were being studied in the original ancient Greek language that was slowly spreadin ...
astrology ............................................ Astrology, the study of the planets and their position in order to predic ...
were many variations of this practice. The English astrologer William Lilly practiced horary astrology: the prediction of events ...
traditional astronomy. The invention of the telescope in the early seventeenth cen- tury allowed astronomers more accurate obser ...
In 1273, Count Rudolf of the Habsburg family was appointed king of Germany. Five years later his sons Albert and Rudolf became t ...
tuguese explorers traveled to Brazil, dis- covered routes across the Indian Ocean, and staked Portuguese claims in India. The st ...
Bacon, Francis .................................. B (1561–1626) English philosopher and essayist, and a key voice and advocate o ...
economic and political matters and also advocated the union of England and Scot- land under a single monarch. At the same time, ...
Fiori in Urbino, he studied with his uncle, Bartolomeo Genga. Barocci moved to Rome in his twenties and, while training with a m ...
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