The Renaissance
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Fall of Constantinople ...................... F Taking place on May 29, 1453, this turning point in European history marked the ...
Farnese, Alessandro ......................... (1545–1592) Alessandro Farnese was the son of the Duke of Parma and grandson of Em ...
Ferdinand I of Naples ...................... (1423–1494) King of Naples. Also known as Ferrante, Ferdinand was born in Valencia, ...
soon sending voyages of conquest and colonization. In 1494, Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, which set a ...
Spanish at sea, where the skill of the Dutch and the environment favored the rebels. The Sea Beggars harassed Spanish coastal fo ...
Ficino, Marsilio ............................... (1433–1499) A philosopher, astrologer, and translator of the works of Plato, Fi ...
This oligarchy based its power on control of the city’s guilds, which were associa- tions of civic leaders, merchants, industria ...
arola until he was overthrown and pub- licly executed in 1498. At the prompting of brilliant writers, including Petrarch and Gio ...
Fonte, Moderata .............................. (1555–1592) Born Modesta Pozzo, Moderata Fonte was an author whose work The Worth ...
spiring Foscari to ask permission to resign his office. The Council refused. Foscari’s reign was tainted by the trial of his son ...
monastery, he won commissions to paint church interiors and altarpieces. TheAn- nunciation and the Linaiuoli Altarpiece, painted ...
including Jean Fouquet, illustrated biblical scenes and created portraits and illumi- nated books. By the turn of the sixteenth ...
including Chambord, Chenonceau, Am- boise, and the Louvre, were raised by the country’s best architects, who married clas- sical ...
himself with German Protestant princes who opposed the rule of the Catholic em- peror in their domains. At a famous meet- ing kn ...
although her house was ransacked and she lost nearly all of her possessions. In 1577 she was accused and tried for witchcraft, b ...
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Galilei, Galileo ................................ G (1564–1642) Italian physicist and astronomer, the first scientist to rigorou ...
With the telescope Galileo also ob- served the phases of Venus, the mountains and craters of the moon, the individual stars that ...
a tutor, showed a talent for writing and reading in Latin. Formal education was re- served for boys, however, and her parents in ...
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