The Legacy of Mesoamerica History and Culture of a Native American Civilization, 2nd Edition

122 UNIT 1 PREHISPANIC MESOAMERICA Toltec rulers of the past such as the priest-ruler Quetzalcoatl (“Feathered Serpent”). At lea ...

CHAPTER 3 THE MESOAMERICAN WORLD AT SPANISH CONTACT 123 nal ethnic cultural differences. Scholars have pointed out that Mesoamer ...

124 UNIT 1 PREHISPANIC MESOAMERICA networks known as “world-systems.” Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was in the ...

CHAPTER 3 THE MESOAMERICAN WORLD AT SPANISH CONTACT 125 Figure 3.1 Core, semiperiphery, and periphery zones of the Mesoamerican ...

126 UNIT 1 PREHISPANIC MESOAMERICA It is likely that at the time of Spanish contact all societies located within the terri- tori ...

CHAPTER 3 THE MESOAMERICAN WORLD AT SPANISH CONTACT 127 ica, which we shall refer to as “core zones.” The strongest of the four, ...

128 UNIT 1 PREHISPANIC MESOAMERICA them, such as Yoaltepec (Guerrero coast), Coixtlahuacan (Oaxaca highlands), and Xoconusco (Ch ...

CHAPTER 3 THE MESOAMERICAN WORLD AT SPANISH CONTACT 129 ing the three states by conquering their weaker neighbors, while engagin ...

130 UNIT 1 PREHISPANIC MESOAMERICA The principal rivals of the Tarascans were the Aztecs, and this intense externalri- valry und ...

CHAPTER 3 THE MESOAMERICAN WORLD AT SPANISH CONTACT 131 from them. The Mixtec codices make special reference to a ruler, 8 Deer ...

132 UNIT 1 PREHISPANIC MESOAMERICA In addition, Oaxaca polychrome ceramics, gold pieces, bone carvings, and other ob- jects circ ...

CHAPTER 3 THE MESOAMERICAN WORLD AT SPANISH CONTACT 133 Core states were not as numerous in the central lake and northern lowlan ...

134 UNIT 1 PREHISPANIC MESOAMERICA Mesoamerican Semiperipheries Societies that help mediate unequal relations between core and p ...

CHAPTER 3 THE MESOAMERICAN WORLD AT SPANISH CONTACT 135 and K’iche’ Mayas from highland Chiapas and Guatemala, Chontal Mayas fro ...

136 UNIT 1 PREHISPANIC MESOAMERICA Box 3.1 The Trading Center of Acalan Acalan (“the place of canoes”) was an independent city-s ...

CHAPTER 3 THE MESOAMERICAN WORLD AT SPANISH CONTACT 137 the inhabitants of the zone spoke Mixe-Zoquean languages, although Mangu ...

138 UNIT 1 PREHISPANIC MESOAMERICA Located farther south along the Caribbean coastline were two other well-known trade centers, ...

CHAPTER 3 THE MESOAMERICAN WORLD AT SPANISH CONTACT 139 and they apparently exchanged “gold and other valuables” directly with A ...

140 UNIT 1 PREHISPANIC MESOAMERICA We will now briefly examine a sample of the most important peripheral zones of the Mesoameric ...

CHAPTER 3 THE MESOAMERICAN WORLD AT SPANISH CONTACT 141 itary units may have numbered a few thousand warriors. Political rulers ...