Music from the Earliest Notations to the Sixteenth Century

FIG. 4-2 Bernart de Ventadorn, from an illumination accompanying his vida, the biographical preface to his ...

The only type of troubadour love song that emphasized the joy of consummation was the thrilling genre kn ...

contemporary of William of Aquitaine, wrote six planctus on biblical themes, two of which exist in staff no ...

ouvert and clos—“open” and “shut”—in thirteenth century dance manuscripts; they correspond to, and prefigure, what ...

If, as the text suggests, this song is meant to accompany a carole, an actual public dance, then its ...

an art quintessentially expressive of aristocratic values. The virtues claimed for the second were its greater tech ...

thirteenth century, but no longer in Provençal. Nor was Guiraut the only troubadour who stimulated the spread of ...

FIG. 4-4 Tomb effigies of (a) Eleanor of Aquitaine and (b) her son, Richard I (Lion-Heart), in the crypt ...

in the equally stereotyped ode or bar form, by now the stock formal mold for channeling lofty expression (Ex. 4 ...

called Manuscrit du Roi, prepared for Charles d’Anjou, the brother of King Louis IX of France (and himself ...

Jehan Bretel was the great master of the jeu-parti (“mock-debate”), the trouvère equivalent of the troubadour ...

chapter 7, too.) Polyphonic writing was a very “learned” style for a trouvère, so what is especially inter ...

narrative romances to “illustrate” dance scenes. (The first such usage is in a manuscript dated 1228 ...

[AB] a [A] ab [AB] → aab. Add a refrain (not a “contained” refrain but one with different music) on eit ...

EX. 4-8B Adam de la Halle, Je muir (Rondeau) ...

THE FIRST OPERA? It was during his sojourn in Italy that Adam wrote what has become his best known work, ...

Because Adam’s collected work is so readily available in the retrospective manuscript described above, it was pu ...

organized into decades (groups of ten) consisting of nine strophic narrative songs relating miracles per ...

A NOTE ON INSTRUMENTS Even if the rich thirteenth and fourteenth-century cantiga manuscripts contained no actu ...

FIG. 4-6 Miniatures from the cantiga manuscript at the Escorial Palace, Madrid, showing various contemporary inst ...